The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
As autumn's dark storms pour from two echoing hills, towards each
other approached the heroes.
The clouds of night came rolling down, Darkness rests on the
steeps of Cromla. The stars of the north arise over the rolling
of Erin's waves; they shew their heads of fire through the flying
mist of heaven. A distant wind roars in the wood. Silent and dark
is the plain of death.
Wordsworth's influence turned in another direction. His real taste
was pastoral, and he preached freer intercourse with Nature, glossing
his ideas rather artificially with a theism, through which one reads
true love of her, and an undeniable, though hidden, pantheism.
In _The Influence of Natural Objects_ he described how a life spent
with Nature had early purified him from passion:
Nor was this fellowship vouchsafed to me
With stinted kindness. In November days,
When vapours, rolling down the valleys, made
A lonely scene more lonesome, among woods
At noon, and 'mid the calm of summer nights,
When by the margin of the trembling lake
Beneath the gloomy hills, I homeward went
In solitude, such intercourse was mine.
'Twas mine among the fields both day and night,
And by the waters all the summer long,
And in the frosty season, when the sun
Was set, and visible for many a mile,
The cottage windows through the twilight blazed,
I heeded not the summons....
Like Klopstock, he delighted in sledging
while the stars
Eastward were sparkling bright, and in the west
The orange sky of evening died away.
Far more characteristic of the man is the confession in _Tintern
Abbey_:
Nature then
(The coarser pleasures of my boyish days
And their glad animal movements all gone by)
To me was all in all. I cannot paint
What then I was. The sounding cataract
Haunted me like a passion; the tall rock,
The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood,
The colours and their forms, were then to me
An appetite, a feeling and a love
That had no need of a remoter charm
By thought supplied, or any interest
Unborrow'd from the eye.
Beautiful notes, to be struck again more forcibly by the frank
pantheism of Byron.
What Scott had been doing for Scotland,[14] and Moore for Ireland,
Wordsworth, with still greater fidelity to truth, tried to do for
England and her people; in contrast to Byron and Shelley, who forsook
home to range more widely, or Southey, whose _Thalaba_ begins with an
imposing description of night in the desert:
How beautiful is night!
A dewy freshness fills the silent air,
No mist obscures, nor cloud, nor speck, nor stain
Breaks the serene of heaven;
In full-orb'd glory yonder Moon divine
Rolls through the dark blue depths.
Beneath her steady ray
The desert-circle spreads
Like the round ocean, girdled with the sky.
How beautiful is night!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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