The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean--roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain;
Man marks the earth with ruin--his control
Stops with the shore; upon the watery plain
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remain
A shadow of man's ravage, save his own,
When, for a moment, like a drop of rain
He sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan,
Without a grave, unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown.
(_Childe Harold_.)
The day at last has broken. What a night
Hath usher'd it! How beautiful in heaven!
Though varied with a transitory storm,
More beautiful in that variety!...
And can the sun so rise,
So bright, so rolling back the clouds into
Vapours more lovely than the unclouded sky,
With golden pinnacles and snowy mountains,
And billows purpler than the ocean's, making
In heaven a glorious mockery of the earth.
(_Sardanapalus.)_
He had loved the Scotch Highlands in youth:
Amidst Nature's native scenes,
Loved to the last, whatever intervenes
Between us and our childhood's sympathy
Which still reverts to what first caught the eye.
He who first met the Highlands' swelling blue
Will love each peak that shews a kindred hue,
Hail in each crag a friend's familiar face,
And clasp the mountain in his mind's embrace.
(_The Island_.)
and in _The Island_ he says:
How often we forget all time, when lone,
Admiring Nature's universal throne,
Her woods, her wilds, her waters, the intense
Reply of hers to our intelligence!
Live not the stars and mountains? Are the waves
Without a spirit? Are the dropping cares
Without a feeling in their silent tears?
No, no; they woo and clasp us to their spheres,
Dissolve this clog and clod of clay before
Its hour, and merge our soul in the great shore.
(_The Island_.)
Byron's feeling was thus, like Goethe's in _Werther_ and _Faust_, a
pantheistic sympathy. But there was this great difference between
them--Goethe's mind passed through its period of storm and stress,
and attained a serene and ripe vision; Byron's never did. Melancholy
and misanthropy always mingled with his feelings; he was, in fact,
the father of our modern 'world-pain.'
Still more like a brilliant meteor that flashes and is gone was
Shelley, the most highly strung of all modern lyrists. With him, too,
love of Nature amounted to a passion; but it was with her remote
aerial forms that he was most at home. His imagination, a cosmic one,
revelling among the spheres, was like Byron's in its preference for
the great, wide, and distant; but unlike his in giving first place to
the serene and passionless. As Brandes says: 'In this familiarity
with the great forms and movements of Nature, Shelley is like Byron;
but like him as a fair genius is like a dark one, as Ariel is like
the flame-bringing angel of the morning star.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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