The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
Yet amidst all this, real delight in romantic scenery was not quite
lacking: witness Hulsen's[26] _Observations on Nature on a Journey
through Switzerland_; and the genuine lyric of Nature, untainted by
mystic and sickly influences, was still to be heard, as in
Eichendorff's beautiful songs and his _Tautgenichts_.
The Romantic School, in fact, far as it erred from the path, did
enlarge the life of feeling generally, and with that, feeling for
Nature, and modern literature is still bound to it by a thousand
threads.
Our modern rapture has thus been reached by a path which, with many
deviations in its course, has come to us from a remote past, and is
still carrying us farther forward.
Its present intensity is due to the growth of science, for although
feeling has become more realistic and matter-of-fact in these days of
electricity and the microscope, love for Nature has increased with
knowledge. Science has even become the investigator of religion, and
the pantheistic tendency of the great poets has passed into us,
either in the idea of an all-present God, or in that of organic force
working through matter--the indestructible active principle of life
in the region of the visible. Our explorers combine enthusiasm for
Nature with their tireless search for truth--for example, Humboldt,
Haeckel, and Paul Güssfeldt; and though, as the shadow side to this
light, travelling and admiration of Nature have become a fashion, yet
who nowadays can watch a great sunset or a storm over the sea, and
remain insensible to the impression?
Landscape painting and poetry shew the same deviations from the
straight line of development as in earlier times. Our garden craft,
like our architecture, is eclectic; but the English park style is
still the most adequate expression of prevalent taste: spaces of turf
with tree groups, a view over land or sea, gradual change from garden
to field; to which has been added a wider cultivation of foreign
plants. In landscape painting the zigzag course is very marked:
landscapes such as Bocklin's, entirely projected by the imagination
and corresponding to nothing on earth, hang together in our galleries
with the most faithful studies from Nature. It is the same with
literature. In fiction, novels which perpetuate the sentimental
rhapsodies of an early period, and open their chapters with forced
descriptions of landscape, stand side by side with the masterly work
of great writers--for example, Spielhagen, Wilhelmine von Hillern,
and Theodore Storm.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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