[Footnote 13: Comp. the garden of Elysium in _La Nouvelle Héloise:_ Where the gardener's hand is nowhere to be discerned, nothing contradicts the idea of a desert island, and I cannot perceive any footsteps of men ... you see nothing here in an exact row, nothing level, Nature plants nothing by the ruler.'] [Footnote 14: _OEuvres de Jacques Bernardin Henri de Saint Pierre_.] [Footnote 15: 'B. de S. Pierre a plus que Rousseau les facultés propres du paysagiste, l'amour même du pittoresque, la vive curiosité des sites, des animaux, et des plants, la couleur et une certaine magie spéciale du pinceau,' Laprade adds the reproof: 'Sa pensée réligieuse est au-dessous de son talent d'artiste et en abaisse le niveau.'] [Footnote 16: _Voyage round the World_, 1772-1775.] [Footnote 17: Paul Lemnius, 1597, _Landes Rugiae_; Kosegarten, 1777-1779; Rellstab, 1799, _Ausflucht noch der Insel Rügen;_ Navest, 1800, _Wanderungen durch die Insel Rügen_; Grümbke, 1805; _Indigena, Streifzüge durch das Rügenland_. J.P. Hackert in 1762, and K. D. Friedrichs in 1792, painted the scenery. Comp. E. Boll, _Die Inset Rügen_, 1858.] CHAPTER XII [Footnote 1: Comp. Gottschall, _Poetik_. Breslau, 1853.] [Footnote 2: _Ueber Ossian und die Lieder alter Völker_, Sämtliche _Werke_, Teil 7.] [Footnote 3: _Op. cit._, Teil 15.] [Footnote 4: _Zur Philosophie und Gesehichte,_ 2 Teil.] [Footnote 5: J.G. Sulzer's _Unterredungen über die Schönheit der Nätur nebst desselben moralischen Betrachtungen über besondere Gegenstände der Naturlehre_ is typical. Charites describes his conversion to the love of Nature by his friend Eukrates. Eukrates woke him at dawn and led him to a hill close by, as the sun rose. The fresh air, the birds' songs, and the wide landscape move him, and Eukrates points out that the love of Nature is the 'most natural of pleasures,' making the labourer so happy that he forgets servitude and misery, and sings at his work. 'This pleasure is always new to us, and the heart, provided it be not possessed by vanity or stormy passions, lies always open to it. Do you not know that they who are in trouble, and, above all, they who are in love, find their chief relief here? Is not a sick man better cheered by sunshine than by any other refreshment?' Then he points out Nature's harmonies and changes of colour, and warns Charites to avoid the storms of the passions. 'Yonder brook is a picture of our soul; so long as it runs quietly between its banks, the water is clear and grass and flowers border it; but when it swells and flows tumultuously, all this ornament is torn away, and it becomes turbid. To delight in Nature the mind must be free.... She is a sanctity only approached by pure souls.... As only the quiet stream shews the sky and the objects around, so it is only on quiet souls that Nature's pictures are painted; ruffled water reflects nothing.' He waxes eloquent about birds' songs, flowers, and brooks, and wanders by the hour in the woods, 'all his senses open to