=1. 1. 112, 3 Car-men Are got into the yellow starch.= Starch was introduced in the age of Elizabeth to meet the needs of the huge Spanish ruff which had come into favor some years before (see _Soc. Eng._, p. 386). It was frequently colored. In Middleton and Rowley’s _World Tossed at Tennis_ five different colored starches are personified. Stubbes says that it was ‘of all collours and hues.’ Yellow starch must have come into fashion not long before this play was acted, for in the _Owle’s Allmanacke_, published in 1618, it is said: ‘Since yellow bandes and saffroned chaperoones came vp, is not above two yeeres past.’ This, however, is not to be taken literally, for the execution of Mrs. Turner took place Nov. 14, 1615. Of her we read in Howell’s Letters 1. 2: ‘Mistress _Turner_, the first inventress of _yellow Starch_, was executed in a Cobweb Lawn Ruff of that colour at _Tyburn_; and with her I believe that _yellow Starch_, which so much disfigured our Nation, and rendered them so ridiculous and fantastic, will receive its Funeral.’ Sir S. D’Ewes _(Autobiog._ 1. 69) says that from that day it did, indeed, grow ‘generally to be detested and disused.’ _The Vision of Sir Thomas Overbury_, 1616 (quoted in Amos, _Great Oyer_, p. 50) speaks of ----that fantastic, ugly fall and ruff Daub’d o’er with that base starch of yellow stuff as already out of fashion. Its popularity must have returned, however, since Barnaby Riche in the _Irish Hubbub_,1622, p. 40, laments that ‘yellow starcht bands’ were more popular than ever, and he prophesies that the fashion ‘shortly will be as conversant amongst taylors, tapsters, and tinkers, as now they have brought tobacco.’ D’Ewes also in describing the procession of King James from Whitehall to Westminster, Jan. 30, 1620, says that the king saw one window ‘full of gentlewomen or ladies, all in yellow bandes,’ whereupon he called out ‘A pox take yee,’ and they all withdrew in shame. In _The Parson’s Wedding_, printed 1664, _O. Pl._ 11. 498, it is spoken of as out of fashion. Yellow starch is mentioned again in 5. 8. 74. 5, and a ballad of ‘goose-green starch and the devil’ is mentioned in _Bart. Fair_, _Wks._ 4. 393. Similarly, Nash speaks in _Pierce Pennilesse_, _Wks._ 2. 44. of a ‘Ballet of Blue starch and poaking stick.’ See also Dodsley’s note on _Albumazar_, _O. Pl._ 7. 132. =1. 1. 113, 4 Chimney-sweepers To their tabacco.= See the quotation from Riche in the last note and note 5. 8. 71.