The diagnostics and treatment of tropical diseasesStitt, E. R. (Edward Rhodes)
Science
The diagnostics and treatment of tropical diseases
Stitt, E. R. (Edward Rhodes)
Tropical medicine
The patient now falls into a listless, motionless state in which,
however, the apathy is more apparent than real. The algidity may
deepen and death ensue or the stage of reaction may set in. The
algid stage may last from a few hours to two or three days.
Collapse and uraemia are the two most frequent causes of death.
_Stage of Reaction._—The pulse returns, urine is again secreted and
the duskiness and coldness of the skin give way to normal conditions
and a favorable convalescence sets in. At other times, however, the
rise of surface temperature and restoration of the circulation are
not attended by urinary secretion.
In such cases a typhoid state ensues with accelerated respiration,
dry, brown tongue and muttering delirium.
It is customary to divide the types of cholera cases into:
1. _Cholera gravis._ The type above described.
2. _Cholerine._ In this there is a more or less marked stage of
evacuation with possibly the appearance of rice-water stools. The
urine, however, does not become suppressed and the algid stage is
not entered upon.
3. _Cholera sicca._ This type of the disease is more apt to be seen
in old or debilitated people. The patient dies of collapse without
showing symptoms of vomiting or diarrhoea. At the autopsy one may
find the bowels distended with rice-water contents.
The so-called _cholera ambulans_ is simply another designation for
the more or less ill cholera carrier.
=Sequelae.=—Following an attack of cholera we may have abscess of
the parotid gland or gangrene of various parts of the body. There may
be ulceration of the cornea. In pregnant women the disease almost
invariably causes abortion. Post-choleraic pneumonias and renal
inflammations are to be considered.
Symptoms in Detail
_General Appearance._—A typical case of cholera, with its
cyanosed, drawn, pinched face, cold, clammy skin and the eyes
deeply sunken in the orbits, makes a picture rarely seen in other
conditions. The washerwoman’s hands appearance should always be
looked for.
_Temperature Record._—The temperature of the skin surface is
lowered from the normal while that of the rectum may be normal or
even elevated. There may be a difference of 10° or more between
rectal and surface temperature. In the stage of reaction the
temperature may continue to rise to high fever points and this
so-called hyperthermic type is very fatal.
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