It is possible that sodium morrhuate (cod-liver oil) may be as efficacious as the gynocardate salt. Rogers has used _Hydnocarpus_ instead of the true chaulmoogra oil and thought he obtained better results. One explanation of the uncertainty of success with chaulmoogra oil is the difficulty of securing oil obtained from proper sources. The standard treatment of leprosy in Honolulu, as reported by McDonald, is the weekly injection of the ethyl esters of the entire fatty acids of the whole chaulmoogra oil, with 2% by weight of iodine, chemically combined. The treatment begins with 1 cc. injected intramuscularly, increased by 1 cc. at every second or third injection, until a dose of from 2 to 6 cc. is reached, according to age and weight of patient. For internal use the mixed fatty acids, carrying 2½% iodine, chemically combined, are given in capsule. The dose by mouth is 0.25 grams per 100 lbs. weight, three times daily, an hour or two after meals. This is gradually increased every two weeks until a maximum dose of 1 gm. per 100 lbs. weight is reached. Dyer combines hydrotherapy with the administration of chaulmoogra oil. He gives a daily bath as hot as can be borne, and, in addition to the specific treatment, gives 1/60th grain of strychnine three times daily. Antileprol, a preparation of chaulmoogra oil, which is more satisfactory than oil, may be given in doses approximating 120 grains by mouth daily or 60 grains subcutaneously. Such drugs as arsenic salicylate of soda and bichloride of mercury have been used. Thyroid extract has seemed to benefit cases of anaesthetic leprosy in rare instances. The high frequency current with the needle applied to the nodular lesions has been recommended by Unna. Radium and X-rays have also been employed. There have been reports as to the value of the antimony treatment in leprosy. Leprosy is a disease in which improvement often occurs when the patient is placed under more favorable conditions as to food, climate, etc. Again, there is at times a tendency for the disease to abort or ameliorate without relation to treatment or environment. Surgical treatment is frequently of use, as nerve stretching for the leprous neuralgias. Various eye operations are necessitated by the ectropion or leprotic iritis. The amputations of the area involved in perforating ulcer is recommended. Tracheotomy is often demanded for the laryngeal stenosis. McCoy has combined carbon dioxide snow local treatment with chaulmoogra oil. The lesions showed decrease in size but remained bacteriologically positive. SECTION III FOOD DEFICIENCY DISEASES CHAPTER XVIII BERIBERI DEFINITION AND SYNONYMS