=Diagnosis.=—In the laboratory diagnosis of those cases not showing the flagellates in the blood the usual method is to inoculate a guinea pig with the blood and in about two weeks _S. cruzi_ may be found in the blood of the animal. The parasites may not appear, however, in the blood, when one should resort to culturing the guinea pig’s blood or more surely examine sections of muscle of the animal for the forms in the muscle cells undergoing binary division. Brumpt has recently advocated the xenodiagnostic method. Thus, in a number of guinea pigs infected with _S. cruzi_, parasites could not be found, but by having third stage larvae of _Conorhinus_ feed on these animals the parasites developed in the bugs. He regards the alimentary tract of these bugs as a most favorable culture medium. =Prophylaxis and Treatment.=—Other than destroying the bugs by sulphur fumigation or whitewashing there is little to note. The bugs show a liking for leather articles, as old harness. The same plan of treatment as for African trypanosomiasis may be tried but such treatment is not effective with infected animals. In the myxoedema types thyroid extract is indicated. NOTE: Escomel has reported the finding of a trypanosome 20 to 40 microns by 3 to 4 microns which had a flagellum as long as the body and with a very small but distinct blepharoplast (unlike _S. cruzi_) in the blood of a native of Peru. The patient at the time of the blood examination was afebrile and showed a generalized firm oedema. There was noted anaemia, prostration and somnolence. This may be a new species. TRYPANOSOMIASES OF ANIMALS =Trypanosoma brucei.=—This trypanosome causes a surely fatal disease in horses and one from which few cattle recover. It is called “nagana” or the fly disease, from being transmitted by the tsetse fly, _Glossina morsitans_. All animals except man and possibly the goat seem susceptible. The disease is characterized by fever, oedematous areas about neck, abdomen and extremities, progressive anaemia and emaciation. It is an important disease of domesticated animals of many parts of Africa. =Trypanosoma evansi.=—This is the cause of a very fatal disease of horses in India and the Orient and known as “surra.” It also affects camels and even cattle. It is thought to be transmitted by biting flies (_Stomoxys_). The symptoms are fever, emaciation, oedematous areas and great muscular weakness. =Trypanosoma equinum.=—This trypanosome causes a fatal disease in horses in South America. There is paralysis of the hind quarters of the horse which gives the disease the name “mal de caderas.” =Trypanosoma equiperdum.=—This trypanosome causes a disease of horses in many parts of the world. It is known as “dourine” and is transmitted by coitus. The genital organs show marked oedema which is followed by anaemia and paralysis.