The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same SpeciesDarwin, Charles
Science
The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
Darwin, Charles
Fertilization of plants; Heterostylism; Plant physiology; Plants -- Variation; Pollination
0 0
0 0
0 0
- 0
0 0
0 0
0
Not one flower yielded a capsule.
Besides the experiments in Table 4.24, I fertilised a considerable number of
mid-styled flowers with pollen, taken by a camel’s-hair brush, from both the
longest and shortest stamens of their own form: only 5 capsules were produced,
and these yielded on an average 11.0 seeds.
TABLE 4.25. Lythrum salicaria, short-styled form.
TABLE 4.25.1. Legitimate union.
12 flowers fertilised by the shortest stamens of the long-styled. These stamens
equal in length the pistil of the short-styled.
69 56
61 88
88 112
66 111
0 62
0 100
-
83 percent of the flowers yielded capsules. Each capsule contained, on an
average, 81.3 seeds.
TABLE 4.25.2. Legitimate union.
13 flowers fertilised by the shortest stamens of the mid-styled. These stamens
equal in length the pistil of the short-styled.
93 69
77 69
48 53
43 9
0 0
0 0
- 0
61 percent of the flowers yielded capsules. Each capsule contained, on an
average, 64.6 seeds.
TABLE 4.25.3. Illegitimate union.
10 flowers fertilised by the mid-length stamens of the long-styled.
0 14
0 0
0 0
0 0
- 0
23
Too sterile for any average.
TABLE 4.25.4. Illegitimate union.
10 flowers fertilised by the longest stamens of the mid-styled.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
- 0
0
Too sterile for any average.
TABLE 4.25.5. Illegitimate union.
10 flowers fertilised by own-form longest stamens.
0 0
0 0
0 0
- 0
0 0
0
Too sterile for any average.
TABLE 4.25.6. Illegitimate union.
10 flowers fertilised by own-form mid-length stamens.
64?* 0
0 0
0 0
- 0
21 0
9
(4/7. *I suspect that by mistake I fertilised this flower in Table 4.25.6 with
pollen from the shortest stamens of the long-styled form, and it would then have
yielded about 64 seeds. Flowers to be thus fertilised were marked with black
silk; those with pollen from the mid-length stamens of the short-styled with
black thread; and thus probably the mistake arose.)
Too sterile for any average.
Besides the experiments in the table, I fertilised a number of flowers without
particular care with their own two kinds of pollen, but they did not produce a
single capsule.
SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS.
LONG-STYLED FORM.
Twenty-six flowers fertilised legitimately by the stamens of corresponding
length, borne by the mid-and short-styled forms, yielded 61.5 per cent of
capsules, which contained on an average 89.7 seeds.
Twenty-six long-styled flowers fertilised illegitimately by the other stamens of
the mid-and short-styled forms yielded only two very poor capsules.
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