The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same SpeciesDarwin, Charles
Science
The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
Darwin, Charles
Fertilization of plants; Heterostylism; Plant physiology; Plants -- Variation; Pollination
Therefore the extreme difference in diameter is as 8.5 to 6, or as 100 to 71.
The results of Hildebrand’s experiments are given in Table 4.27, drawn up in
accordance with my usual plan.
Table 4.27. Oxalis Valdiviana (from Hildebrand).
Column 1: Nature of the Union.
Column 2: Number of Flowers fertilised.
Column 3: Number of Capsules produced.
Column 4: Number of Seeds per Capsule.
Long-styled by pollen of longest stamens of short-styled. Legitimate union :
28 : 28 : 11.9.
Long-styled by pollen of longest stamens of mid-styled. Legitimate union :
21 : 21 : 12.0.
Long-styled by pollen of own and own-form mid-length stamens. Illegitimate union
:
40 : 2 : 5.5.
Long-styled by pollen of own and own-form shortest stamens. Illegitimate union :
26 : 0 : 0.
Long-styled by pollen of shortest stamens of short-styled. Illegitimate union :
16 : 1 : 1.
Long-styled by pollen of shortest stamens of mid-styled. Illegitimate union :
9 : 0 : 0.
Mid-styled by pollen of mid-length stamens of long-styled. Legitimate union :
38 : 38 : 11.3.
Mid-styled by pollen of mid-length stamens of short-styled. Legitimate union :
23 : 23 : 10.4.
Mid-styled by pollen of own and own-form longest stamens. Illegitimate union :
52 : 0 : 0.
Mid-styled by pollen of own and own-form shortest stamens. Illegitimate union :
30 : 1 : 6.
Mid-styled by pollen of shortest stamens of long-styled. Illegitimate union :
16 : 0 : 0.
Mid-styled by pollen of longest stamens of short-styled. Illegitimate union :
16 : 2 : 2.5.
Short-styled by pollen of shortest stamens of long-styled. Legitimate union:
18 : 18 : 11.0.
Short-styled by pollen of shortest stamens of mid-styled. Legitimate union:
10 : 10 : 11.3.
Short-styled by pollen of own and own-form longest stamens. Illegitimate union :
21 : 0 : 0.
Short-styled by pollen of own and own-form mid-length stamens. Illegitimate
union :
22 : 0 : 0.
Short-styled by pollen of longest stamens of mid-styled. Illegitimate union:
4 : 0 : 0.
Short-styled by pollen of mid-length stamens of long-styled. Illegitimate union:
3 : 0 : 0.
We here have the remarkable result that every one of 138 legitimately fertilised
flowers on the three forms yielded capsules, containing on an average 11.33
seeds. Whilst of the 255 illegitimately fertilised flowers, only 6 yielded
capsules, which contained 3.83 seeds on an average. Therefore the fertility of
the six legitimate to that of the twelve illegitimate unions, as judged by the
proportion of flowers that yielded capsules, is as 100 to 2, and as judged by
the average number of seeds per capsule as 100 to 34. It may be added that some
plants which were protected by nets did not spontaneously produce any fruit; nor
did one which was left uncovered by itself and was visited by bees. On the other
hand, scarcely a single flower on some uncovered plants of the three forms
growing near together failed to produce fruit.
Oxalis Regnelli.
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