The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth: As Revealed in the Writings of Gerrard Winstanley, the Digger, Mystic and Rationalist, Communist and Social ReformerBerens, Lewis Henry
History
The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth: As Revealed in the Writings of Gerrard Winstanley, the Digger, Mystic and Rationalist, Communist and Social Reformer
Berens, Lewis Henry
Communism; Land use; Winstanley, Gerrard, 1609-
"The general Storehouses are such houses as receive in all
commodities in the gross.... And these general Storehouses shall be
filled and preserved by the common labor and assistance of every
Family, as is mentioned in the Office for Overseer for Trades. And
from these Public Houses, which are the general stock of the Land,
all particular Tradesmen may fetch materials for their particular
work as they need, or to furnish their particular dwellings with
any commodities.
"_Secondly_, There are particular Storehouses, or Shops, to which
the Tradesmen shall bring their particular works; as all
instruments of iron to the Iron-shops, hats to the shops appointed
for them, and so on.... They shall receive in, as into a
Storehouse, and deliver out again freely, as out of a Common
Storehouse, when particular persons or families come for everything
they need, as now they do by buying and selling under Kingly
Government. For as particular Families and Tradesmen do make
several works more than they can make use of ... and do carry their
particular works to Storehouses; so it is all Reason and Equity
that they should go to other Storehouses to fetch any other
commodity which they want and cannot make. For as other men partake
of their labors, so it is reason they should partake of other
men's."
It should be scarcely necessary to pause to point out that what
Winstanley here describes is exactly what is taking place, in his time
as in our times, all the world over. Commodities of every description
are continuously being produced, and being brought to the Storehouses,
wholesale and retail, thence to be redistributed to those who require
them. The Social Problem, of Winstanley's time and of our time, is how
to secure to each co-operating worker his fair share of the returns to
the labours of all. And manifestly this is impossible so long as some
can command any share thereof without having in any way shared in the
toil or rendered any equivalent counter-service. In 1905, as in 1652, an
ever increasing portion and proportion of the wealth thus harvested and
garnered constantly gravitates towards those who, under the prevailing
"kingly laws," claim to control the use of the land, whence alone it can
be derived. This was the basic social injustice, the parent source of
innumerable other social ills and injustices, which Winstanley was one
of the first clearly to apprehend, and to combat which he devoted his
life.
Winstanley, moreover, fully and clearly realised that:
"THE KING'S OLD LAWS CANNOT SERVE A FREE COMMONWEALTH."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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