The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth: As Revealed in the Writings of Gerrard Winstanley, the Digger, Mystic and Rationalist, Communist and Social ReformerBerens, Lewis Henry
History
The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth: As Revealed in the Writings of Gerrard Winstanley, the Digger, Mystic and Rationalist, Communist and Social Reformer
Berens, Lewis Henry
Communism; Land use; Winstanley, Gerrard, 1609-
"But man following his own sensuality became a devourer of the
creatures and an encloser, not content that another should enjoy
the same privilege as himself, but encloseth all from his brother;
so that all the land, trees, beasts, fish, fowl, etc., are enclosed
into a few mercenary hands, and all the rest deprived and made
their slaves. So if they cut a tree for fire, they are to be
punished, or hunt a fowl, it is imprisonment, because it is
gentlemen's game, as they say. Neither must they keep cattle, or
set up a house, all ground being enclosed, without hiring leave for
the one or buying room for the other of the chief encloser, called
the Lord of the Manor, or some other wretch as cruel as he.... Now
all this slavery of the one and tyranny of the other was at first
by murder and cruelty one against the other. And that they might
strengthen themselves in their villany against God's Ordinances and
their Brother's Freedom and Rights, they had always a
Commander-in-Chief, and he became their King."
After emphasising at some length that all special privileges of the few
and disabilities of the many came in and are maintained by kings, it
continues:
"So that observe the king is made by you your god on Earth, as God
is the God of Heaven, saith the Lawyers.... Now, Friends, what have
we to do with any of these unfruitful works of darkness? Let us
take Peter's advice (1 Pet. iv. 3)--_The time past of our lives may
suffice that we have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we
walked in lascivious lusts, excess of wine, revellings,
banquetting, and abominable idolatry._ And let us not receive the
Beast's mark lest that the doom in Revelation (xiv. 9-10) befall
us: but let us oppose the Beast's power, and follow the Lamb
withersoever he goeth."
The pamphlet then dwells on the chief causes impelling "wicked men," the
privileged classes and their parasites, to stand up for a king:
"Rich men cry for a king, so that the Poor should not claim his
right, which is his by God's gift.
"The horseleech Lawyer cries for a king, because else the supreme
power will come into the People's representatives lawfully
elected....
"The things, Lords, Barons, etc., cry for a king, else their
tyrannical House of Peers falls down, and all their rotten honour,
and all Patents and Corporations: their power being derived from
him; if he go down, all their tyranny falls too."
But now, it continues:
"The honest man that would have liberty cries down all interests
[or special privileges, as they would be termed to-day] whatsoever;
and to this end he desires Common Rights and Equity: which consist
of these particulars following:
"1. A just portion for each man to live, that so none need to beg
or steal for want, but everyone may live comfortably.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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