Various causes retarded the adoption of a better system, but chiefly the warmth of party and internal jealousies, which prevailed within the walls of Congress for a long time, and too often defeated measures of essential importance, when there was a probability that they would throw a new weight of power into a scale of doubtful preponderance. To this state of circumstances it is in a great degree to be attributed, that no plan for a regular Department of Foreign Affairs was resolved upon till the 10th of January, 1781, and that no person was appointed to fill the office thus created till seven months later. On the 10th of August, ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON was chosen _Secretary of Foreign Affairs_, but he did not enter upon the duties of the Department till the 20th of October. From this date a salutary change found its way into the management of Foreign Affairs. To abilities and other qualifications well suited to the station, Mr Livingston added energy, diligence, and promptitude, as his numerous letters on a great variety of topics abundantly testify. We hear no more complaints from the Ministers abroad, that their letters are forgotten and unanswered, or that they receive no intelligence nor instructions from home. The details of the Department were so modified, after he accepted the appointment, as to embrace Domestic Affairs to a certain extent. He was to correspond with the President of Congress, the Governors of the States, the Commander in Chief, and generally with all persons on topics in any manner connected with the primary objects of his office. His letters to the American Ministers at Foreign Courts, and to the French Ministers in this country, have already been printed in the correspondence of those persons respectively. This order was thought preferable, as the continuity of the subjects embraced in the different branches of correspondence would thus be more distinctly preserved. The letters, which follow, are chiefly to the President of Congress, and to other officers and persons, who were in the United States at the time they were written. Mr Livingston continued a little short of two years in the Department of Foreign Affairs. He resigned in June, 1783. THE CORRESPONDENCE OF ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON. * * * * * ORGANIZATION OF A FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. In Congress, January 10th, 1781. Congress took into consideration the report of the committee appointed to consider and report a plan for the Department of Foreign Affairs, wherein they state, That the extent and the rising power of these United States, entitle them to a place among the great potentates of Europe, while our political and commercial interests point out the propriety of cultivating with them a friendly correspondence and connexion;