The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptionsBooth, Arthur John
History
The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptions
Booth, Arthur John
Achaemenian inscriptions; Cuneiform inscriptions
Grotefend himself informs us that he had no special knowledge of Oriental
languages,[299] and many of his critics, who were probably quite as
ignorant as himself, took care that the fact should not be forgotten.
Although he had no special qualification in this respect for the task
he undertook, yet he early displayed a remarkable aptitude for the
solution of riddles: a peculiar talent which he shared in common with
Dr. Hincks, who also acquired great distinction as a cuneiform scholar.
In consequence of this peculiarity a friend induced him to turn his
attention to Niebuhr’s enigmatical inscriptions, which were then exciting
very general curiosity;[300] and he now disclosed the result to the
Academy. He communicated the substance of it to the ‘Göttingen Literary
Gazette’ (Sept. 18, 1802); and in the following year Silvestre de Sacy,
the well-known Arabic scholar, gave a full account of it in the ‘Magasin
Encyclopédique’ of Millin.[301] It was subsequently reported in the
well-known Vienna periodical, the ‘Fundgruben des Orients’;[302] and in
1815 Grotefend had the opportunity of explaining the matter in his own
words in an appendix to Heeren’s ‘Historical Researches.’[303]
The careful investigations of Münter were found of great service by
his more successful follower. Münter had already pointed out that the
inscriptions belonged without doubt to the period of the Achaemenian
dynasty; that the words were separated from each other by a diagonal
wedge, and that the writing ran from left to right. He had directed
special attention to the word of seven letters, and to the fact that it
preceded in many cases another identical to it but terminating with some
unknown grammatical inflexion. He had suggested that the former probably
signified some such title as ‘king of kings’ and that the royal name must
be looked for in the word that precedes it, an opinion he only abandoned
in view of the difficulties already explained.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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