The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptionsBooth, Arthur John
History
The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptions
Booth, Arthur John
Achaemenian inscriptions; Cuneiform inscriptions
Such was the method that enabled Burnouf to restore one correct value,
_b_, that had been recently neglected, and to add two others, _z_ and
_k_, to the alphabet. He was on the point of increasing the number of
correct values by two or three others, but unfortunately he hesitated to
yield to his first intuition. In the twelfth line of the I inscription
he found a word which, according to his alphabet he transliterated
‘Arion.’[399] It occurred in a position in the geographical list that
would naturally suggest that it indicated ‘Armenia,’ and to obtain
this result it was only necessary to change the sign (𐎷) which he read
_i_ into _m_. There was a farther reason that appeared to justify this
alteration. In the Hamadan inscription the same sign occurs in _bu_ _i_
_om_, which he translated ‘excellent’; but if it were permitted to alter
the _i_ into _m_ we should obtain _bumom_, ‘earth.’ The meaning of the
sentence would then be: ‘He has given [or created] this earth; he has
given [or created] this heaven,’ which would be an evident improvement
in the sense.[400] He would not, however, allow that the alphabet could
include more than one _m_, and he was not prepared to sacrifice the
_m_ (𐎶) discovered by Rask in the genitive termination _anam_. Thus
he narrowly missed adding the _m_ (𐎷) before _i_ to the number of his
correct values. So also in line 11 there occurs a word he reads _ayura_,
but by the change of the _y_ into _th_ he would arrive at ‘Athura,’ the
ancient ‘Aturia.’[401] This change was farther sanctioned by another
name, which his system transliterated _pryi_; but by the hypothesis under
consideration, it would become _prthi_, a manifest form for ‘Parthia.’
Moreover, the same alteration would introduce an important improvement
in the word for ‘king,’ which would then read _khchâhthôh_ (from the
Zend _khchathrô_) in place of _khchâhyôh_.[402] Notwithstanding all
these probabilities, he finally rejected the alteration and lost the
addition of another correct value. It is interesting also to observe
how nearly he approached the correct value of Grotefend’s _h_ (𐎹, No.
27). He perceived that if it were changed into a _y_, it would yield
_yuna_ in the twelfth line, which there could be no doubt would indicate
‘Ionia.’ As it is, however, he retained the incorrect value; and he
could find no satisfactory explanation of _huna_; for he, of course,
rejected ‘Huns’ as an evident anachronism.[403] It would be tedious and
unnecessary to go through the other signs to which he gave new values,
for they unfortunately all turned out to be wrong. Indeed, if his
services to decipherment were to be estimated by this test alone, they
would not rank higher than those of St. Martin or Rask; for although he
lays claim to have ascertained the value of twelve characters, eight of
these are erroneous, one (the _b_) fairly belongs to Münter, another (the
_a_) to Grotefend, and only two remain to be placed to his own credit:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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