The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptionsBooth, Arthur John
History
The discovery and decipherment of the trilingual cuneiform inscriptions
Booth, Arthur John
Achaemenian inscriptions; Cuneiform inscriptions
If Jacquet’s contributions to the study of cuneiform had been limited
to the essays in the ‘Journal Asiatique,’ they would have been
comparatively unimportant. But he was also in correspondence with Lassen
on the subject, and he not only communicated to him the result of his
investigations, but also the reasons upon which they were based.[486] In
1837, Lassen took part in the foundation of a journal devoted to Oriental
subjects—the ‘Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes.’[487] Grotefend
became a contributor from the commencement,[488] and Lassen reported the
progress of cuneiform research as occasion required. His first essay
on the subject appeared in 1839,[489] and contained a criticism of the
recent writings of Beer and Jacquet; with, as regards the latter writer,
some important information derived from his correspondence. From this
source we learn that Jacquet recognised the correctness of the value of
_r_, already assigned to 𐎽 by Grotefend; and completed it by determining
it to be the _r_ before _u_.[490] He was led to this conclusion not only
by the occurrence of the letter in ‘Kurus,’ but also in ‘paru,’ which
compares with the Zend for ‘many’—‘the king of many lands.’ He showed
also that 16 (𐎨), the _o_ of Grotefend and _i_ of Lassen, is really
_ch_;[491] and finally 28 (𐎩), the _ng_ of Grotefend and _n_ of Lassen,
he finds to be _z_: which, if not correct, is a considerable improvement.
He was led to this conclusion by an ingenious conjecture. The letter
is found in the province Lassen transliterated _u_ _w_ _n_, and which,
from his theory of the diphthong, he read _q’n_ and supposed to denote
Chaona. The word occurs first in the list, and Jacquet inferred that it
must refer to the capital province, Susa. He did not altogether reject
Lassen’s _q_, but by changing the _n_ into _z_, he got near to what he
sought, either in ‘uwᵃzᵃ’ or ‘qᵃzᵃ’ for Susa.[492] To sum up: Beer and
Jacquet both independently found the correct values for 27 (𐎹) _y_ and 41
(𐏃) _h_; Jacquet added the correct value of 10 (𐎺) _v_, of 16 (𐎨) _ch_ or
_c_ of 26 (𐎰) _th_; and he completed the value of 40 (𐎽) _r_ before _u_.
Beer may thus be credited with having contributed two letters (27 and
41), Jacquet with six (10, 16, 26, 27, 40 and 41). He also suggested that
the name of the first province in the I inscription referred to Susa and
not to Chaonia, and that Babirus—not Babisus—was the correct reading for
Babylon.[493]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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