[Footnote 128: The priesthood was not hereditary, nor did it form a caste. There was no hereditary nobility in ancient Mexico, nor were there any hereditary vocations, as "artisans," "merchants," etc. See Bandelier, _op. cit._ p. 599.] [Footnote 129: See the copious references in Tylor's _Primitive Culture_, ii. 340-371; Mackay, _Religious Development of the Greeks and Hebrews_, ii. 406-434; Oort and Hooykaas, _The Bible for Young People_, i. 30, 189-193; ii. 102, 220; iii. 21, 170, 316, 393, 395; iv. 85, 226. Ghillany, _Die Menschenopfer der alten Hebraeer_, Nuremberg, 1842, treats the subject with much learning.] [Footnote 130: Spencer, _Princip. Sociol._, i. 287; Tylor, _op. cit._ ii. 345.] The custom of sacrificing captives to the gods was a marked advance upon the practice in the lower period of barbarism, when the prisoner, unless saved by adoption into the tribe of his captors, was put to death with lingering torments. There were occasions on which the Aztecs tortured their prisoners before sending them to the altar,[131] but in general the prisoner was well-treated and highly fed,--fatted, in short, for the final banquet in which the worshippers participated with their savage deity.[132] In a more advanced stage of development than that which the Aztecs had reached, in the stage when agriculture became extensive enough to create a steady demand for servile labour, the practice of enslaving prisoners became general; and as slaves became more and more valuable, men gradually succeeded in compounding with their deities for easier terms,--a ram, or a kid, or a bullock, instead of the human victim.[133] [Footnote 131: Mr. Prescott, to avoid shocking the reader with details, refers him to the twenty-first canto of Dante's Inferno, _Conquest of Mexico_, vol. i. p. 64.] [Footnote 132: See below, vol. ii. p. 283.]