apparently for the purpose of setting up a Venetian claim to the discovery of America. [Footnote 283: The map is taken from Winsor's _Narr. and Crit. Hist._, i. 127, where it is reduced from Nordenskjoeld's _Studien ok Forskningar_. A better because larger copy may be found in Major's _Voyages of the Venetian Brothers_. The original map measures 12 x 15-1/2 inches. In the legend at the top the date is given as M CCC LXXX. but evidently one X has been omitted, for it should be 1390, and is correctly so given by Marco Barbaro, in his _Genealogie dei nobili Veneti_; of Antonio Zeno he says, "Scrisse con il fratello Nicolo Kav. li viaggi dell' Isole sotto il polo artico, e di quei scoprimente del 1390, e che per ordine di Zieno, re di Frislanda, si porto nel continente d'Estotilanda nell' America settentrionale e che si fermo 14 anni in Frislanda, cioe 4 con suo fratello Nicolo e 10 solo." (This valuable work has never been published. The original MS., in Barbaro's own handwriting, is preserved in the Biblioteca di San Marco at Venice. There is a seventeenth century copy of it among the Egerton MSS. in the British Museum.)--Nicolo did not leave Italy until after December 14, 1388 (Muratori, _Rerum Italicarum Scriptores_, tom. xxii. p. 779). The map can hardly have been made before Antonio's voyage, about 1400. The places on the map are wildly out of position, as was common enough in old maps. Greenland is attached to Norway according to the general belief in the Middle Ages. In his confusion between the names "Estland" and "Islanda," young Nicolo has tried to reproduce the Shetland group, or something like it, and attach it to Iceland. "Icaria," probably Kerry, in Ireland, has been made into an island and carried far out into the Atlantic. The queerest of young Nicolo's mistakes was in placing the monastery of St. Olaus ("St. Thomas"). He should have placed it on the southwest coast of Greenland, near his "Af [-p]montor;" but he has got it on the extreme northeast, just about where Greenland is joined to Europe.] [Footnote 284: "Combien de coquilles typographiques ou de lectures defectueuses ont cree de noms boiteux, qu'il est ensuite bien difficile, quelquefois impossible de redresser! L'histoire et la geographie en sont pleines." Avezac, _Martin Waltzemueller_, p. 9. It is interesting to see how thoroughly words can be disguised by an unfamiliar phonetic spelling. I have seen people hopelessly puzzled by the following bill, supposed to have been made out by an illiterate stable-keeper somewhere in England:--