Chancellor, Richard, -1556; Europe -- Description and travel; Russia -- Description and travel; Willoughby, Hugh, Sir, -1554
“Wulfstan said that he went from Heathum to Truso in seven days and
nights, and that the ship was running under sail all the way. Weonodland
was on his right, and Langland, Læland, Falster, and Sconey, on his left,
all which land is subject to Denmark. “Then on our left we had the land
of the Burgundians, who have a king to themselves. Then, after the land
of the Burgundians, we had on our left the lands that have been called
from the earliest times Blekingey, and Meore, and Eowland, and Gotland,
all which territory is subject to the Sweons; and Weonodland was all the
way on our right, as far as Weissel-mouth. The Weissel is a very large
river, and near it lie Witland and Weonodland. Witland belongs to the
people of Eastland; and out of Weonodland flows the river Weissel, which
empties itself afterwards into Estmere. This lake, called Estmere, is
about fifteen miles broad. Then runs the Ilfing east (of the Weissel)
into Estmere, from that lake on the banks of which stands Truso. These
two rivers come out together into Estmere, the Ilfing east from Eastland,
and the Weissel south from Weonodland. Then the Weissel deprives the
Ilfing of its name, and, flowing from the west part of the lake, at
length empties itself northward into the sea, whence this point is called
the Weissel-mouth. This country called Eastland is very extensive, and
there are in it many towns, and in every town is a king. There is a
great quantity of honey and fish; and even the king and the richest men
drink mare’s milk, whilst the poor and the slaves drink mead. There is a
vast deal of war and contention amongst the different tribes of this
nation. There is no ale brewed amongst the Estonians, but they have mead
in profusion.
“There is also this custom with the Estonians, that when anyone dies the
corpse continues unburnt with the relations and friends for at least a
month, sometimes two; and the bodies of kings and illustrious men,
according to their respective wealth, lie sometimes even for half a year
before the corpse is burned, and the body continues above ground in the
house, during which time drinking and sports are prolonged till the day
on which the body is consumed. Then, when it is carried to the funeral
pile, the substance of the deceased, which remains after these drinking
festivities and sports, is divided into five or six heaps; sometimes into
more, according to the proportion of what he happens to be worth. These
heaps are so disposed that the largest heap shall be about one mile from
the town; and so gradually the smaller at lesser intervals, till all the
wealth is divided, so that the least heap shall be nearest the town where
the corpse lies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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