Authors are often classed, like painters, according to the school, in
which they have been trained, or to which they have attached
themselves. But it is not so easy to ascertain this in literature as
it is in painting; and if some of the critics who have thus
endeavoured to class them, were sent to school themselves and there
whipt into a little more learning, so many silly classifications of
this kind would not mislead those readers who suppose in the
simplicity of their own good faith, that no man presumes to write upon
a subject which he does not understand.
Stiles may with more accuracy be classed, and for this purpose metals
might be used in literature as they are in heraldry. We might speak of
the golden stile, the silver, the iron, the leaden, the pinchbeck and
the bronze.
Others there are which cannot be brought under any of these
appellations. There is the Cyclopean stile, of which Johnson is the
great example; the sparkling, or micacious, possessed by Hazlitt, and
much affected in Reviews and Magazines; the oleaginous, in which Mr.
Charles Butler bears the palm, or more appropriately the olive branch:
the fulminating—which is Walter Landor's, whose conversation has been
compared to thunder and lightning; the impenetrable—which is sometimes
used by Mr. Coleridge; and the Jeremy-Benthamite, which cannot with
propriety be distinguished by any other name than one derived from its
unparellelled and unparallellable author.
_Ex stilo,_ says Erasmus, _perpendimus ingenium cujusque, omnemque
mentis habitum ex ipsâ dictionis ratione conjectamus. Est enim tumidi,
stilus turgidus; abjecti, humilis, exanguis; asperi, scaber;
amarulenti, tristis ac maledicus; deliciis affluentis, picturatus ac
dissolutus; Breviter, omne vitæ simulacrum, omnis animi vis, in
oratione perinde ut in speculo repræsentatur, ac vel intima pectoris,
arcanis quibusdam vestigiis, deprehenduntur._
There is the lean stile, of which Nathaniel Lardner, and William Coxe
may be held up as examples; and there is the larded one, exemplified
in Bishop Andrews, and in Burton, the Anatomist of Melancholy; Jeremy
Taylor's is both a flowery and a fruitful stile: Harvey the
Meditationist's a weedy one. There are the hard and dry; the weak and
watery; the manly and the womanly; the juvenile and the anile; the
round and the pointed; the flashy and the fiery; the lucid and the
opaque; the luminous and the tenebrous; the continuous and the
disjointed. The washy and the slap-dash are both much in vogue,
especially in magazines and reviews; so are the barbed and the
venomed. The High-Slang stile is exhibited in the Court Journal and in
Mr. Colburn's novels; the Low Slang in Tom and Jerry, Bell's Life in
London, and most Magazines, those especially which are of most
pretensions.
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