Organisms, living, 14; analysis of, 16; 17, 18, 19, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32; characteristic early stages, 55; are they adapted by circumstances? 109; environment, 111; physical heritage of, 113; variation of, 119; difference, 121; universal conflict of, 127; change, 130; human, 32, 156, 159, 165-171; nervous system of, 201; psychical characteristics of, 202; many-celled, 257. Organs, 16, 17, 28; of human body, 156. Origin of Species, 136, 149. Origination of new parts, 109. Osborn, 148. Ostrich, 44. Over production, 122-124, 129. Owls, horned, of Arizona, 45; 139. Palaeontology, 32, 34, 73, 74, 76; evidence of, not complete, 80, 81; table of facts of, 91; 94; second division of evidence, 95; does it throw light on antiquity of man? 155; of mind, 202, 203, 217. Paludina, 95. Partulae, 103. Pearson, Karl, 6, 7, 142, 147; heredity of mental qualities, 232. Penguin, a counterpart of the seal, 44. Peoples, fusion of, 178, 179; Mexicans, 178, 181; Anglo-Saxon, 179; American, 179; Indians, 181, 183, 185, 191, 192; Patagonian, 180, 192; Polynesian, 181, 182, 187; Moor, 181; Zulu, 181, 183; Malay, 181, 183, 190; Mongolian, 181, 186-190; Papuan, 182; Negro, African, Ethiopian, 182, 183, 192-195; Caucasian, 182, 185-189, 195; Veddahs, 182, 188; European, 183; Asiatic, 183; Laplander, 183, 190; Scandinavian types, Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, Germans--north and south--186, 187; types of, 186-196; Persians, 186, eastern, 187; Afghans, Hindus, 186; Welsh, French, Swiss, 187; Russians, 187-190; Poles, Armenians, 187; Mediterranean type, Spaniard, Italian, Greek, Arab, 187; subordinate group, Semitic, Arab, Hebrew, 187; North African, Berber, Hamites, 187; relatives of the Mediterranean, Dravidas, Todas, Veddahs, Ainus, 188; Manchurian, Chukchi, Buryats, Yukaghir, 189; Finlander, Bulgar, Magyar, Korean, Japanese, Gurkhas, Burmans, Annams, Cochin Chinese, Tagals, Bisayans, Hovars, 190; Pueblos, Eskimos, Aztecs, Mayas, Caribs, 191; Yahgan, Alacaluf, 191; Papuan, Australian, 193; Negrito section, Adamans, Kalangs, Sakais AEtas, Bushmen, Hottentots, Akkas, 194. Periods, Triassic, Jurassic, 94; Eocene, Miocene, 96. Phenacodus, 96. Phyla, 32. Phylogeny, 63. Pictography, 223-226; of Eskimos, of American Indians, 223, 224; of Asia, 224; of Egypt, 224, 225. Pig, 42, 157. Pithecanthropus, 174. Plesiosaurus, 94. Polynesia, 103, 104. Pouched animals, kangaroo, opossums, 42. Primates, name given by Linnaeus, 158; eutheria, 158, 159; order of, 160; anthropoids, 161; arrangement of organs, 201. Processes, psychological, of higher animals, 208, 209. Prosimii, 160. Proteins, 22, 23, 24. Protoplasm, 22-30; the physical basis of life, 143; 144; human, 156; chemicals that make up, 156. Protozoa, 52, 53, 68, 70; relations of, 126. Protozooen, 251.