When the permanent teeth come up crooked, it is a most difficult thing to redirect them, especially when the tusks are at fault, and they are generally the offenders; for these teeth are so firmly and deeply fixed in the jaw-bone that it is impossible, without employing great force, to move them, and from their conical shape it is almost impossible to fix a rubber band or wire to them unless a small niche is made in the enamel, and this damages the teeth and renders them liable to decay. When the tusks grow inwards so as to injure the palate, I have, after a great deal of trouble, fixed a wedge made of hard wood between the two tusks of the lower jaw, but it always comes out within a few hours. Again, when the incisors, or front teeth, come up twisted or crooked, and one tries to turn them with forceps, the operation is seldom successful; the tooth is almost sure to break, as dogs’ teeth are so brittle. More good is to be done by pressing the erring teeth in the right direction with the fingers; and when they are not very badly misplaced, a good deal of benefit may be derived by this simple treatment. It should be done two or three times a day for ten minutes at a time. Pressure of this kind is very useful to the upper or lower incisor teeth in slight cases of undershot—that is, when the lower incisor teeth project in front of the upper ones; or when the upper incisor teeth project in front of the lower ones—called “pig-jaw.” Either of these conditions is a great drawback to a terrier; and some judges, who are particular, and examine the mouth, will often put a dog back for this defect. In bad cases I think he is right to do so; but it is rather hard on the dog when there is only a slight unevenness, because I think he can hold just as well as one with an even mouth. There is no doubt a pig-jaw is a much more serious malformation than one that is underhung, as it is absolutely impossible for a dog with a mouth like this to bite or seize his prey firmly and hold it. This is a very common deformity with collies and greyhounds, and very ugly it looks—the former are not required to bite, but at the same time the condition, when very marked, should disqualify a dog on the show bench, for there is no doubt that it is hereditary. Another condition of the teeth, and one which judges often put a terrier back for, is canker. It is a diseased condition of the enamel, which gives the teeth a speckled appearance. In my opinion, canker of the teeth is not hereditary; and it is in nine cases out of ten the result of a dog having distemper in early life—I mean before the eruption or cutting of the permanent teeth. The high fever which accompanies distemper seems to eat away the enamel. Teeth when badly affected in this way are soft, and wear away quicker than sound ones; besides, they look bad. There is nothing to be done in these cases, except brushing them occasionally; to scrape them does harm.