_Treatment_: Give a purge, as from two to ten grains[1] of jalapin. Foment the parts often with hot poppy-head tea, made by boiling a couple of crushed poppy-heads in a quart of water for ten minutes; then strain. Sometimes the application of an ice-bag gives more relief than the hot application. =Œstrum=, or the period of menstruation of the bitch, generally appears for the first time when the bitch is about eight or nine months old. With some foreign breeds, as in chows particularly, it often occurs for the first time sooner, even when the bitch is five or six months old. Occasionally, with very small bitches, the first heat may not appear until she is a year old. Once the period has commenced, it generally occurs regularly twice a year, but in a few exceptional cases every three or four months. The heat generally lasts from three to four weeks—that is, right from the commencement until the end. The condition is recognised by the external parts—vulva—swelling, and a slight mucus discharge, which continues for about a week; then the discharge is pinkish, and after a few days blood-coloured. This latter condition continues for about eight or nine days, to be followed by a mucus discharge again, until the heat has ceased, when the parts have assumed their normal size. =Ophthalmia=: _Symptoms_: Generally both eyes are affected, the membrane (conjunctival) is intensely inflamed, and there is a good deal of purulent discharge. There is intolerance to light, and as a consequence, the lids are kept partly, if not quite, closed. _Treatment_: Keep the dog for a time in a darkish room, and bathe the eyes three or four times a day with the following lotion:— _Recipe_: Laudanum, 1 drachm. Sulphate of Zinc, 10 grains. Rose Water to 6 ounces. Anoint the edges of the lids at night-time with vaseline to prevent their sticking together. A good purge is beneficial. Care must be taken to prevent the dog rubbing the eyes, or he may severely injure them; and bandages should be placed round the ankles covering the dew-claws. =Otorrhœa=: _See_ CANKER OF EAR. =Ozœna=: _Symptoms_: There is a chronic purulent or mattery discharge from the nostrils which often has a very offensive odour. _Treatment_: Syringe the nose thoroughly every day with from ten to thirty drops[1] of tincture of hydrastis, mixed with one[1] to four tablespoonfuls of tepid water. Give cod-liver oil, also iron and quinine tonic pills. =Palpitation=: _Symptoms_: Increased action of the heart; if bad, it beats with a thumping action, shaking the whole body, the dog is restless and pants, and may in some cases faint. _Treatment_: Put the dog on a raw meat diet for a time, and avoid violent exertion, but the dog may have regular walking exercise. Give aperient medicine and a course of the following mixture:— _Recipe_: