The three first are prepared and boiled as has already been shewn. Silver and azure white in the preparation or ungumming thus: take fine powdered indigo, put it into water boiling hot, when settled the liquor is called _azure_. _To azure the silk_ it is taken from the ungumming copper after it is dressed and put into a trough of water; after it is worked, drained, and again dressed, it is ready for the _Whitening_. Put into a copper with thirty pails of water half a pound of soap; when it boils, and the soap dissolved, add for _China white_ a little _prepared annatto_, (of which hereafter.) The silk, being on rods, is now to be put into the copper and kept turning end for end without intermission till the shade is uniform. For _India white_ a little azure is added, to give the blue shade: for _thread white_ and others a little azure is also to be added. _Observe_, the liquor should be very hot, but not boiling; the turnings five times repeated, by which the shade is made even. When finished it is taken out, wrung, Spread on poles to dry, and that part of it required for _sulphuring_ must be put upon rods or slight poles. _Sulphuring._ The hanks, being upon poles seven or eight feet from the ground, in an appropriate room, one pound and a half or two pounds of roll brimstone will sulphur a hundred weight of silk. Put the brimstone, coarsely powdered, into an earthen pipkin with a little charcoal or small coal at bottom. Light one of the bits with a candle, which will kindle all the rest. The room should be close, the chimney, if any, being closed up; the sulphur should burn under the silk all night. The next morning the windows should be opened to let out the smoke and admit the air, which, in summer, will be sufficient to dry the silk; but in winter, as soon as the sulphurous fumes are dissipated, the windows must be shut and a fire kindled in the stove or stoves to dry the silk. _Observe_, if the room for sulphuring does not admit of openings sufficient for the dissipation of the sulphuric fumes, the work-people will be in danger of suffocation. When the sulphur is consumed it leaves a black crust which will light the future sulphur like spirit of wine. If, in dressing, the silk sticks together, it is not sufficiently dry. Silk, which has been sulphured, has a rustling, which, for some things, is esteemed; but this would not do for silk to be watered. If silk, which has been sulphured is to be dyed, it must, for many colours, be unsulphured. Silks for lace, gauze, &c. are neither boiled nor ungummed; silks which are naturally the whitest are the best for those articles. It is sufficient to dip the silks in warm water, and wring them; then sulphur them, afterwards azure them, again wring them, sulphur them a second time, or soak them in soap and water, those for whitening hot enough to bear the hand, adding azure, if necessary, and turning and re-turning the silk in this liquor.