Fustians, see Acts, Bolton, Combinations, Cotton Industry, London; manufacture introduced into Europe, xxi.-xxii.; into England, 12; stimulated by decline of German cotton industry; date of origin of fustian manufacture discussed, 12, 195-196; development of fustian manufacture, 12, 15, 23, 39; organisation of manufacture, 37-39; combined with smallware manufacture, 27-28; early large-scale production, 23; numbers employed in 1654, 13; and in 1735, 23; commission system in fustian industry, 37-38; country fustian masters, 39; centres of manufacture, 9-10, 15, 27, 37, 56; regulation of manufacture, 11, 195; wages in fustian trade, 91_n._; materials used in manufacture, 29, 35; regarded as woollens, 11; not made of pure cottons in seventeenth century, 19, 22, 196; a species of new drapery, 196; range of goods comprised by, 28; imported, 2_n._, 196; exported, 9, 60; fustian tax, agitation against and repeal, 63 and _n._, 103-104 G Gaskell, _Artisans and Machinery_, 139_n._; _Manufacturing Population of England_, 56_n._, 137_n._, 139-144; dislike of factory system, 139 _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 46_n._ Germany, cotton industry in fourteenth century, 13-14; effects of Thirty Years’ War on, 14; effects of decline in English fustian industry, 13-14 Ghent, textile workers of, xxiii. Gilds, textile, xxii.-xxiii. Gladstone, J., 172 Glasgow merchants support Manchester Act (1736), 24 Gras, _Early English Customs System_, 2_n._ Greg & Ewart, 170 Guest, _British Cotton Manufacture_, 43, 80_n._, 94, 95_n._, 96_n._, 97_n._, 111_n._, 124_n._; _Compendious History of Cotton Manufacture_, 38, 39, 60, 73_n._, 74_n._, 96, 108 H Hakluyt, 3 Halifax, hawkers and pedlars, 64-65 Hammond, _Cotton Industry_, 132_n._ Hammond, J. L. and B., 83_n._ Hand-loom. See Loom Hansard, 155_n._, 156_n._, 157_n._ Hanseatic League, xxvi.-xxvii. Hanson, E., Boroughreeve of Manchester, 32_n._ Hargreaves, of Toddington, improved mule, 123 Hargreaves, James, experimented on carding-machines, 78; invented and patented spinning-jenny, 78, 80, 97, 112, 114; left Lancashire through opposition, 82, 92-95; took action for infringement of patent, 93-94; patent not upheld, 92, 96; made spinning-jenny practicable, 97; cotton-mill at Nottingham, 97 and _n._; estate of, 97_n._; evidence of widow and son against Arkwright, 107; alleged inventor of crank and comb device, 78, 107 Hawkers and pedlars, duties on, 63-64 Hayes, inventor of roving-engine, 110 Heathcote, invented lace-making machine, 131 and _n._