The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
The local authorities also endeavoured to remedy the evil. The
proceedings of the Bristol Corporation illustrate the sudden rise in
price and the great need there was for measures of relief. In 1594 the
Mayor, Francis Knight, laid out money "to provide corn for the common
sort of people," and by his means corn was brought from Danzig to
Bristol. One of the aldermen also, a Mr Thomas Aldworth, spent £1200
in corn and brought a certain quantity into the market every day. Next
year the scarcity continued, and in November a Mr Whitson was asked to
buy corn for the Corporation. He did so and arranged that 3000 quarters
of rye should arrive in May, 1596, and cost 28_s._ the quarter. But
the Mayor alleged the corn was too dear and the Corporation would pay
but half of Mr Whitson's charges to London and would only agree to buy
half the rye. "But so it fell out, that when the said rye was arrived
in Bristol, it was well worth 44_s._ a quarter and more. And then the
said Mayor and Aldermen intreated to have the whole bargain and would
pay Mr Whitson 50_li._ for his charges and running the adventure of the
bargain, whereupon after some persuasion he (being of a good nature)
consented." The corn was badly needed and within twenty days was sold
at 6_s._ a bushel, though even that sum was under the market price. The
Corporation gained £774 on the bargain and many pecks and half-pecks
were given to the poor.
Still this corn lasted but twenty days, and during 1596 and 1597 corn
was sold in Bristol at 7_s._, 8_s._, 12_s._, 16_s._, and according to
one authority even 20_s._ a bushel. Under these circumstances the poor
could not live, and it was decided by Mayor and Council that every
alderman or any burgess, that had any property, should every day give
one meal of meat to the poor people who were out of work. Some were
to feed eight persons, and some only two, according to their ability.
"Whereby," says the chronicler, "the poor of our city were all relieved
and kept from starving or rising." The justices seem to have been
vigilant in other directions also; they would allow no grain to be
exported and ordered that very little malt should be made[285].
[285] Seyer's _Memoirs of Bristol_, Vol. II., pp. 254 and 255, quoting
from Adams and Ricart's _Chronicle_.
In London the difficulty was great: in 1594 Lord Howard sent up three
ships laden with corn that the inhabitants might have bread, and in
1596 twenty ships carrying grain arrived from the Low Countries[286].
[286] _Remembrancia_, II. 31. Apparently other ships were sent in 1595.
_Ib._ II. 95; II. 59.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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