The Early History of English Poor ReliefLeonard, E. M., of Girton College
History
The Early History of English Poor Relief
Leonard, E. M., of Girton College
Poor laws -- Great Britain -- History
[448] (1) Herts.: Edwinstree and Odsey. The poor were relieved at under
rates in their parishes. Vol. 182, 40, _D. S. P._, Chas. I.
Braughin, 189, 80, _D. S. P._, Chas. I. See Appendix.
Part of the Liberty of St Alban's and hundred of Cashio, 188, 43, _D.
S. P._, Chas. I.
Hertford. The poor are relieved by "corne or otherwise," 189, 79, _D.
S. P._, Chas. I.
(2) Sussex: Lewes, Vol. 189, 15. "Some charitable well-disposed persons
sell to the poore at lower rates."
Pevensey, Vol. 192, 99. The justices "dealt w^{th} the most
substantiall inhabitants ... who partly by the perswasions of us and of
theire ministers and of theire owne charytable disposition haue laid
corne in some one parish about 30 pounds, in another 20 pounds some
lese," and have sold it one shilling a bushel "better cheape than itt
did cost."
(3) Kent: Shepway, Vol. 187, 40. The parishes have provided a store of
corn for their own inhabitants.
(4) Suffolk: The Liberty of St Ethelred's, Vol. 187, 10. A supply
of corn was to be brought from Norfolk and sold to the poor 4_s._ a
quarter under cost price.
(5) Cambridge: Staploe, Cheveley, Staine and Flendish, Vol. 189, 81,
III.
(6) Berks.: Wantage and Farringdon, Vol. 191, 40, I. and III.
(7) Nottingham: charitable selling under price, Vol. 189, 12.
(8) Surrey: Rye was sold to the "poorer sorte" at 5_s._ the bushel,
_Dom. S. P._, Vol. 182, 7.
It is most probable that the poor were relieved in this way in many
other parishes though the justices' reports may not have been returned
or preserved.
[449] We hear in Nov. 1630 of Ireland that "that kingdome is for the
present so plentifully stored w^{th} corne that besides the feeding
of itselfe it may also in some measure supply the necessity of this
realme," _Privy Council Register_. In Cornwall, Flint and Hereford also
there was plenty of grain (_D. S. P._, Chas. I., Vol. 176, No. 57, Vol.
184, No. 61, Vol. 183, 37) while the justices of Agbrigg report that
"Lancashire is a county this year able to help its neighbours."
[Sidenote: _d._ Other special methods of providing food for the poor.]
Sometimes other plans were adopted. The owners and dealers of corn were
expected to contribute to the need of their less fortunate neighbours.
At Reading the corn masters set apart a sack in every load to serve
for the poor at twelvepence a bushel under the market rate[450]. It
would seem that some allowance was usually made by dealers in corn, for
another dealer who was a victim of a riot at Woodchurch states that out
of ten quarters he left five to be sold to the poor[451].
[450] _Dom. State Papers_, Chas. I., Vol. 182, 81.
[451] _Ib._, Vol. 191, 4. See below for the custom of the badgers at
Chipping Wycombe.
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