The early history of the HebrewsSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The early history of the Hebrews
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 953 B.C.
A like destiny seemed in store for Moses. He was introduced into the
family of the Pharaoh, and took his place at court among the royal
princes. A punning etymology makes the princess who adopted him speak
Hebrew and give him the name of Mosheh or Moses, from the Hebrew
_mâshah_, ‘to draw out.’ Mosheh, however, is really the Egyptian
_messu_, ‘son,’ a very appropriate name for an adopted child. The name
was not uncommon in Egypt; and in the time of Meneptah, the contemporary
of Moses, it was actually borne by a ‘Prince of Kush,’ that is to say,
the Egyptian governor of Ethiopia.[159] The coincidence doubtless was
the origin of that Jewish tradition of the successful campaign of Moses
in Ethiopia as general of the Egyptian army, which is recorded in full
by Josephus.
Conjecture, both ancient and modern, has played freely round the person
of Pharaoh’s daughter. Modern writers have pointed to the fact that the
favourite daughter of Ramses II. bore the Canaanitish name of Bint-Anat,
and had been born of a Syrian mother. That she should have adopted a
Hebrew child would have been nothing strange. Her own sympathies would
naturally have been on the side of her Semitic ancestry. Moses himself
belonged to the tribe of Levi, and future generations remembered that
his father was Amram and his mother Jochebed. He had a brother Aaron,
three years older than himself, and a sister Miriam. The names of all
three were never forgotten in Israel.[160]
Nor did Moses, when he came to man’s estate, forget his own people. One
day, when he was of that unknown age which the Hebrew writers expressed
by the term of forty years, he saw one of his Israelitish brethren
ill-treated by the Egyptian taskmaster; and with the unrestrained
licence of a young Oriental prince, he forthwith remedied the injustice
by slaying the Egyptian with his own hand. The act was soon known and
discussed among the Hebrew slaves; and when he endeavoured to reconcile
two of them who were quarrelling with each other, he was told that
though he might be ‘a prince’ in the eyes of the Egyptians, he had no
authority over the Hebrew tribes. The suspicions of the Pharaoh had
already been aroused against him, and he now fled from Egypt in fear of
his life. An Egyptian papyrus, written in the time of the twelfth
dynasty, tells the story of a similar fugitive from the Pharaoh’s wrath.
This was Sinuhit, who seems to have been accused of conspiring against
the government, and who fled, accordingly, like Moses, alone and on
foot. He made his way to the eastern boundary of Egypt; and there, when
fainting from thirst, was rescued by the Bedâwin of the desert, and
finally reached in safety the land of the Kadmonites among the mountains
of Seir. The shêkh received him kindly, and Sinuhit in course of time
married the daughter of the Bedâwi chieftain, and became one of the
princes of the tribe. Children were born to him, and he possessed herds
and flocks in abundance. But his heart still yearned for his native
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