The early history of the HebrewsSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The early history of the Hebrews
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 953 B.C.
Another characteristic of the Deuteronomic Law is its insistence on a
central sanctuary. It was to this central sanctuary that the God-fearing
Israelite was commanded to ‘go up’ three times in the year at each of
the great feasts, and there offer his firstlings and sacrifices to the
Lord. This central sanctuary, however, did not exclude the existence of
local altars or shrines. The Levite is described as living in the
families of the other tribes throughout the land (xii. 19, xiv. 27), and
as deciding cases at law, wherever they might occur, along with the
judges (xvi. 18, xvii. 9, xix. 17, xxi. 6). Nor was it necessary when an
animal was slaughtered, and its life-blood poured out before Yahveh,
that this should be done in the one chief temple of the nation. It was
only such offerings as had been specially vowed to the national God that
were required to be brought there. They had been dedicated to Yahveh as
God of the whole nation, and it was therefore to that sanctuary in which
Yahveh was worshipped by the nation as a whole that they had to be
taken. In his individual or local capacity the Israelite was free to
offer his sacrifices where he would. For, it must be remembered, the
very fact that the life-blood was shed made the death of the animal a
sacrifice to the Lord, and the feast on its flesh which followed was a
feast eaten in the presence of the Lord.
The insistence on the central sanctuary implied an equal insistence on
the absolute supremacy of Yahveh in Israel. Idolaters and enticers to
idolatry were to be cut off without pity; even the prophet who spoke in
the name of another god, and whose words came to pass, was to be stoned
to death. The fulfilment of a prediction guaranteed its truth only if
the prophet was the messenger of Yahveh. Yahveh would suffer no other
gods to be worshipped at His side, and the Deuteronomic Law accordingly
forbids all such practices as were connected with the heathenism of the
neighbouring peoples. The Israelites were forbidden to tattoo themselves
like the Syrian worshippers of Hadad, to scarify their flesh like the
Egyptians in mourning for the dead, far less like the Canaanites around
them to sacrifice their firstborn by fire. Every effort was made to
preserve them from contact with their neighbours; their king was
forbidden to ‘multiply’ horses and wives; for the one would lead to
intercourse with Egypt, the other would introduce into Israel the
worship and the images of foreign deities. The sacred trees which from
time immemorial had been planted near the altars of the gods, some of
them by the patriarchs themselves, were to be destroyed like the conical
pillar of the goddess Asherah and the upright column which symbolised
the sun-god.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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