Tweeddale possibly saw, in the abolition of the Scottish Parliament, and in those reforms of the Privy Council which might be expected to follow an incorporating Union, some prospect that a wiser and more moderate system of government might be introduced. But the whole course of Scottish history during the reigns of Charles the Second and James the Second shows that nothing less than that sweeping removal of every trace of Prelacy which took place at the Revolution could have restored peace and order to the country. It is, therefore, well that the Union did not take place at a time when the statesmen in both countries, by whom the terms of Union would have been arranged, were pertinaciously bent on establishing a system of Church government which, loved and honoured though it was in England, was hated and despised in Scotland. FOOTNOTES: [91] A Discourse upon the Union of England and Scotland, addressed to King Charles II., March 19th, in the year 1664. [92] Account of his own Life, part ii. p. 50. [93] Act for the encouraging and increasing of Shipping and Navigation, 12 Car. II. cap. 18. [94] _Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland_, p. 25. [95] 15 Car. II. cap. 7. [96] 14 Car. II. cap. 11. [97] Scots Acts, 1661, cap. 44; 1663, cap. 13. [98] 19 and 20 Car. II. cap. 5, Act for settling Freedom and Intercourse of Trade between England and Scotland. [99] _The grievances of Scotland in relation to their trade with England, sent up to the Council_, 3 Feb. 1668. See also a paper given in by the Scots Commissioners for adjusting the differences of trade between the two kingdoms, Jan. 21, 1667 (1668), printed in Defoe, App. No. xiii., and in the “Report on the events and circumstances which produced the union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland” (App. No. xxxi.). This report, which was prepared for the private use of the Government, at the request of the Duke of Portland, in 1799, when the Union with Ireland was being discussed, contains most of the papers which passed between the Commissioners on Trade in 1668. The _Calendar of State Papers, Domestic_, 1667-1668, published in 1893, throws some light on these transactions. It appears that the coal merchants of Newcastle and the North of England had a grievance in the inequality of the export duties levied on coal in the two countries. English coal paid eight shillings, and Scottish coal only twenty pence. The result was said to be that the customs from coal had fallen in that part of the country, from £20,000 a year to £4000, and that English merchants were suffering from the importation into Scotland, in exchange for coal, of foreign goods which the Scots used to obtain from England. (Memorial of 24th Feb. 1668. _Calendar_, p. 247.)