The motte of Warwick is mentioned several times in the _Pipe Rolls_ of Henry II.; it then carried wooden structures on its top.[749] In Leland's time there were still standing on this motte the ruins of a keep, which he calls by its Norman name of the Dungeon. A fragment of a polygonal shell wall still remains.[750] But there is not a scrap of masonry of Norman date about the castle. The motte, and the earthen bank which still runs along one side of the court, show that the first castle was a wooden one. The bailey is oblong in shape, the motte being outside it; its area is about 2-1/2 acres. The value of Warwick had doubled since the Conquest. [Illustration: FIG. 36. Warwick. Wigmore, Hereford.] WIGMORE, Herefordshire (Fig. 36).--We have already referred to the absurdity of identifying this place with the _Wigingamere_ of the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_.[751] We have the strongest indication that the Norman castle at Wigmore was a new erection, since Domesday Book tells us that William FitzOsbern built it on waste land called Mereston.[752] This express statement disposes of the fable in the _Fundationis Historia_ of Wigmore Priory, that the castle of Wigmore had belonged to Edric the Wild, and was rebuilt by Ralph Mortimer.[753] Wigmore had only been a small manor of two taxable hides in Saxon times. Whereas it had then been unproductive, at the date of the Survey there were two ploughs in the demesne, and the borough attached to the castle yielded 7_l._ Here we have another instance of the planting of a borough close to a castle, and of the revenue which was thus obtained. There is a very large and high motte at Wigmore Castle, of oval shape, on a headland which has been cut off by a deep ditch. The earthen banks of its first fortification still remain, enclosing a small ward, but on top of them is a wall in masonry, and the ruins of a polygonal keep;[754] also the remains of two mural towers. Half-way down the end of the headland, below the motte, is a small square court, which _may_ have been the original bailey; below it, again, is a larger half-moon bailey furnished with walls and towers. But the whole area covered is only 1 acre. The masonry is none of it earlier than the Decorated period, except one tower in the bailey wall which may be late Norman. [Illustration: FIG. 37. Winchester. (From a plan by W. Godson, 1750.)]