To this list must be added a number of royal castles known to have been built in the 12th century, which, as they were built on mottes, must in the first instance have been wooden castles. BANFF.--It seems clear that Banff Castle had a motte, because the doggerel rhymes of Arthur Johnstone in 1642 say: A place was near which was a field until Our ancestors did raise it to a hill; A stately castle also on it stood. The _Gazetteer_ says: "The citadel occupied a mount, originally at the end though now near the middle of the town." The site is still called Castle Hill. (N. S. A.) CRAIL, Fife.--The O.M. does not show a motte here. The N. S. A. says "there was a royal residence here, upon an eminence overlooking the harbour." That this "eminence" was a motte seems clear from the _Register of the Great Seal_, quoted by Mr Neilson, which speaks of "Le Moitt olim Castrum" in 1573. CUPAR.--There seem to be two mottes here, both raised on a natural "esker"; the one formerly called the Castle Hill is now called the School Hill, the school having been built upon it. The other and higher hill is called the Moot Hill, and is said to be the place where the earls of Fife used to dispense justice. (N. S. A.) Mr Neilson states that both are mentioned in the _Registrum_. DUMFRIES.--Here there were two mottes, one being now the site of a church, the other, called Castle Dykes, a short distance S. of the town, on the opposite side of the river. Both no doubt were royal castles, and Mr Neilson has suggested that as an _old castlestead_ is spoken of in a charter of William the Lion, it implies that a new castle had recently been built, possibly after the great destruction of the royal castles in Galloway in 1174.[1034] The Castle Dykes appears to be the later castle, as it is spoken of in the 16th century. (N.) DUNSKEATH, Cromarty.--Built by William the Lion in 1179. The castle is built on a small _moat_ overhanging the sea. (G.) ELGIN.--Built by William the Lion on a small green hill called Lady Hill, with conical and precipitous sides. (N. S. A. and G.) FORFAR.--"The castle stood on a round hill to the N. of the town, and must have been surrounded by water." (N. S. A.) It was destroyed in 1307. It is called Gallow Hill in the O.M., and is now occupied by gasworks. FORRES.--The plan in Chalmers' _Caledonia_ clearly shows a motte, to which the town appears to have formed a bailey. INVERNESS.--Built by David I. when he annexed Moray. The site is now occupied by a gaol, but the O.M. shows it to have been a motte, which is clearly depicted in old engravings. INNERMESSAN.--As the lands here appear to have been royal property as late as the time of David II., the large round motte here may have been an early royal castle, a conjecture which finds some confirmation in the name "Boreland of Kingston," which Pont places in the same parish. (N. S. A.)