[350] I must confess that in spite of very strong opposing opinions, I see no reason why this building should not be classed as a keep. It is of course a gross error to call Martin's Tower the keep; it is only a mural tower. [351] D. B., 162, 1a. [352] "Cestriæ munitionem condidit." P. 199 (Prévost's edition). [353] _Chester Historical and Archæological Society_, v., 239. [354] _Pipe Rolls_, ii., 7. Ranulph, Earl of Chester, died in 1153, and the castle would then escheat into the king's hands. [355] This work seems to have been completed in the reign of Edward II., who spent £253 on the houses, towers, walls, and gates. _Cal. of Close Rolls_, Edward II., ii., 294. [356] _Close Rolls_, 35, Henry III., cited by Ormerod, _History of Cheshire_, i., 358. [357] See Mr Cox's paper, as above, and Shrubsole, _Chester Hist. and Arch. Soc._, v., 175, and iii., New Series, p. 71. [358] _Benedict of Peterborough_, i., 135, R. S. [359] D. B., i., 262b. [360] "Willelmus comes fecit illud [castellum] in wasta terra quam tenebat Bruning T. R. E." D. B., i., 183a, 2. [361] "Ancient Charters," _Pipe Roll Society_, vol. x., charter xiii., and Mr Round's note, p. 25. [362] It is extraordinary that Mr Clark, in his description of this castle, does not mention the motte, except by saying that the outer ward is 60 or 70 feet lower than the inner. _M. M. A._, i., 395. [363] This passage occurs in a sort of appendix to Domesday Book, which is said to be in a later hand, of the 12th century. (Skaife, _Yorks. Arch. Journ._, Part lv., p. 299.) It cannot, however, be very late in the 12th century, as it speaks of Roger's holdings in Craven in the present tense. [364] See Farrer's _Lancashire Pipe Rolls_, p. 385. The castle is not actually mentioned, but "le Baille" (the bailey) is spoken of. Mr Farrer also prints an abstract of a charter of Henry I. (1102): "per quam concessit eidem Roberto [de Laci] Boelandam [Bowland] quam tenuit de Rogero Comite Pictavensi, ut extunc eam de eodem rege teneat." P. 382. [365] In an inquisition of Henry de Laci (+ 1311) it is said that "castelli mote et fossæ valent nihil." (Whitaker's _History of Whalley_, p. 280.) This is probably an instance of the word _motte_ being applied to a natural rock which served that purpose. See another instance under Nottingham, _post_, p. 176. [366] Dugdale's _Baronage_, i., p. 99. Dugdale's authority appears to have been the "Historia Laceiorum," a very untrustworthy document, but which may have preserved a genuine tradition in this instance. The loopholes in the basement of the keep, with the large recesses, appear to have been intended for crossbows, and the crossbow was not reintroduced into England till the reign of Richard I. [367] _Victoria History of Lancashire_, ii., 523. [368] See Farrer, _Lancashire Pipe Rolls_, i., 260. [369] Printed by Mr Round in _Essex Arch. Society's Transactions_, vii., Part ii. The charter is dated 1101.