In this account of Lambert's it is further mentioned that the kitchen was joined to the house or keep, and was a building of two floors, the lower one being occupied by live stock, while the upper one was the actual kitchen. We must remember that this account was written at the end of the 12th century. In the earlier and simpler manners of the 11th century it is probable that the cooking was more generally carried on in the open air, as it was among the Anglo-Saxons.[235] The danger of fire would prevent the development of chimneys in wooden castles; we have seen that there was only one in this wonderful castle of Ardres. But even after stone castles became common, we have evidence that the kitchen was often an isolated building in the courtyard. One such kitchen still exists in the monastic ruins of Glastonbury. The word _mota_, which was used in the 12th century for the artificial hills on which the wooden keeps of these castles were placed, comes from an old French word _motte_, meaning a clod of earth, which is still used in France for a small earthen hillock.[236] The keep itself appears to have been called a _bretasche_, though this word seems to have meant a wooden tower of any kind, and was used both for mural towers and for the movable wooden towers employed for sieges.[237] At a much later period it was given to the wooden balconies by which walls were defended, but the writer has found no instance of this use of the word before the 14th century. On the contrary, these wooden galleries for the purpose of defending the foot of the walls by throwing missiles down are called _hurdicia_ or hourdes in the documents, a word of cognate origin to our word _hoarding_.[238] The word _bretasche_ is also of Teutonic origin, akin to the German _brett_, a board. The court at the base of the hillock is always called the _ballium_, _bayle_, or _bailey_, a word for which Skeat suggests the Latin _baculus_, a stick, as a possible though very doubtful ancestor. The wooden wall which surrounded this court was the _palum_, _pelum_, or _palitium_ of the documents, a word which Mr Neilson has proved to be the origin of the _peels_ so common in Lowland Scotland, though it has been mistakenly applied to the towers enclosed by these peels.[239] The _palitium_ was the stockade on the inner bank of the ditch which enclosed the bailey; but the outer or counterscarp bank had also its special defence, called the _hericio_, from its bristling nature (French _hérisson_, a hedgehog). There can be little doubt that it was sometimes an actual hedge of brambles, at other times of stakes intertwined with osiers or thorns.[240]