Wallace perished in 1305. In the same year Edward drew up a new constitution for Scotland, dividing the country into sheriffdoms like the English counties and providing machinery for the representation of the Scots at the meetings of the English parliament. But the arrangement was very short-lived. Scarcely four months had elapsed when the new and more successful hero of Scottish history, Robert Bruce, declared himself. He was the son of the regent Earl of Carrick, but had hitherto clung to the English interest, in the hope that Edward would at last set him in the place of Balliol. When the new measures for the government of Scotland were drawn up, disappointment, mingled perhaps with the shame which Wallace’s death must have inspired, led him to quit the court and return to Scotland. At Dumfries, early in 1306, he slew John Comyn, the late regent, whom he could not induce to join him. He then gathered round him all whom he could prevail on to trust him; and by his energy and military ability took all his enemies by surprise. In March, he was crowned at Scone. [Sidenote: Reverses of Bruce. ] His success was too great to be permanent; before the close of the summer Aymer de Valence, Edward’s lieutenant, had driven him into the islands, and the king himself soon followed and put an end to all collective opposition. Still Bruce was active, and defied all attempts to crush him. Constantly put to flight and as constantly reappearing, he kept the English armies on the alert during the winter of 1306 and the spring of 1307; and in July, on his last march from Carlisle against him, king Edward died. [Sidenote: Death of Edward I. ] [Sidenote: His character and motives. ]