Great Britain -- History -- Plantagenets, 1154-1399; Plantagenet, House of
The winter months of 1190 and the spring of 1191 had been spent by
them in very uneasy lodgings at Messina. Richard and Philip were,
from the very first, jealous of one another. Richard was betrothed to
Philip’s sister, and Philip suspected him of wishing to break off the
engagement. Richard’s sister Johanna, the widow of William the Good,
was still in Sicily. Richard wanted to get her and her fortune into his
hands and out of the hands of Tancred, who, with a doubtful claim, had
set himself up as King of Sicily against Henry of Hohenstaufen, who
had married the late king’s aunt. Now, the Hohenstaufen and the French
had always been allies; Richard, through his sister’s marriage with
Henry the Lion, was closely connected with the Welfs, who had suffered
forfeiture and banishment from the policy of Frederick Barbarossa.
He was also naturally the ally of Tancred, who looked upon him as
the head of Norman chivalry. Yet to secure his sister he found it
necessary to force Tancred to terms. Whilst Tancred negotiated the
people of Messina rose against the strangers; the strangers quarrelled
among themselves; Philip planned treachery against Richard, and tried
to draw Tancred into a conspiracy; Tancred informed Richard of the
treachery. Matters were within a hair’s breadth of a battle between
the crusading kings. Philip’s strength, however, was not equal to his
spite, and the air gradually cleared. Tancred gave up the queen and her
fortune, and arranged a marriage for one of his daughters with Arthur
of Brittany, who was recognized as Richard’s heir. Soon after Queen
Eleanor arrived at Naples with the lady Berengaria of Navarre in her
company; whereupon, by the advice of Count Philip of Flanders, Philip
released Richard from the promise to marry his sister; and at last,
at the end of March, 1191, the French Crusaders sailed away to Acre.
Richard followed in a few days; but a storm carrying part of his fleet
to Cyprus, he found himself obliged to fight with Isaac Comnenus, the
Emperor, and then to conquer and reform the island, where also he was
married. After he reached Acre, where he arrived on June 8, he as well
as Philip fell ill, and only after a delay of some weeks was able to
take part in the siege. The town held out a little longer; but early
in July surrendered, and gave the Christians once more a footing in
the Holy Land. Immediately after the capture Philip started homewards,
leaving his vow of pilgrimage unfulfilled. Richard remained to complete
the conquest.
[Sidenote:
Richard’s
campaigns
in Palestine.
]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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