Early in October he left Palestine, the Bishop of Salisbury remaining to lead home the remnant of the host, as soon as they had performed the pilgrimage which they were to make under the protection of Saladin. Richard, impatient of delay, and not deeming himself worthy to look on the city which he had not strength and grace to win back for Christendom, left his fleet and committed himself to the ordinary means of transport. After bargaining with pirates and smugglers for a passage, and losing time by unnecessary hurry, he was shipwrecked on the coast of the Adriatic near Aquileia; travelled in disguise through Friuli and part of Salzburg, and was caught by Duke Leopold of Austria, his bitter personal enemy, at Vienna in December. In March 1193 he was handed over to the Emperor Henry VI., who was in correspondence with Philip of France, as Philip was with John. For more than a year Richard was in captivity. We may take the opportunity of turning back and seeing how England had fared during his absence. [Sidenote: England during the crusade. ] [Sidenote: Hugh de Puiset. ] [Sidenote: William Longchamp. ] [Sidenote: Quarrel of the justices. ] When he started on the Crusade, early in December 1189, he left the regency in the hands of Bishop Hugh of Durham and Bishop William of Ely, the Chancellor, with a committee of associate justices. John and Geoffrey had sworn to stay away for three years. As soon as he was out of the country, as early as January, 1190, the justices quarrelled. They were, indeed, very ill-mated. Hugh de Puiset, the Bishop of Durham, was a great lord of the house of Champagne, nephew to King Stephen, and cousin to the king: a rich man, an old man, the father of a fine family, one son being chancellor to the King of France; a great captain, a great hunter, a most splendid builder; not a very clerical character, but altogether a grand figure for nearly fifty years of English history. William of Longchamp, although perhaps, notwithstanding the stigma of low birth cast upon him by his rivals, a man of good family, was an upstart by the side of Bishop Hugh. He was a man of very unpopular manners; very ambitious for himself and his relations, very arrogant, priding himself on his Norman blood, but laughed at as a _parvenu_ by the Norman nobles; disliking and showing contempt in the coarsest way for the English, whose language he would not speak and declared that he did not understand; very jealous of a sharer in power, and unscrupulous in his use of it. With all this, however, he was, it is certain, faithful to Richard; his designs were all directed to the securing and increasing of his master’s power, and his bitterest enemies were his master’s enemies. Richard knew this, and never discarded his minister, although his unpopularity once endangered the throne, and was always so great that he thought it best to keep him out of the country. He continued to be chancellor as long as he lived.