The Earth as Modified by Human ActionMarsh, George P. (George Perkins)
History
The Earth as Modified by Human Action
Marsh, George P. (George Perkins)
Conservation of natural resources; Human geography; Nature -- Effect of human beings on; Physical geography
Although the whale does not prey upon smaller creatures resembling
himself in form and habits, yet true fishes are extremely voracious, and
almost every tribe devours unsparingly the feebler species, and even the
spawn and young of its own. [Footnote: Two young pickerel, Gystes
fasciatus, five inches long, ate 128 minnows, an inch long, the first
day they were fed, 132 the second, and 150 the third.--Fifth Report of
Commissioners of Massachusetts for Introduction of Fish. 1871. p. 17.]
The enormous destruction of the shark [Footnote: The shark is pursued in
all the tropical and subtropical seas for its fins--for which there is a
great demand in China as an article of diet--its oil and other products.
About 40,000 are taken annually in the Indian Ocean and the contiguous
seas. In the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean large numbers are annually
caught. See MERK. Waarenlexikon--a work of great accuracy and value
(Leipzig, 1870), article Haifisch.] the pike, the trout family, and
other ravenous fish, as well as of the fishing birds, the seal, and the
otter, by man, would naturally have occasioned a great increase in the
weaker and more defenceless fish on which they feed, had he not been as
hostile to them also as to their persecutors.
Destruction of Aquatic Animals.
It does not seem probable that man, with all his rapacity and all his
enginery, will succeed in totally extirpating any salt-water fish, but
he has already exterminated at least one marine warm-blooded
animal--Steller's sea cow--and the walrus, the sea lion, and other large
amphibia, as well as the principal fishing quadrupeds, are in imminent
danger of extinction. Steller's sea cow, Rhytina Stelleri, was first
seen by Europeans in the year 1741, on Bering's Island. It was a huge
amphibious mammal, weighing not less than eight thousand pounds, and
appears to have been confined exclusively to the islands and coasts in
the neighborhood of Bering's Strait. Its flesh was very palatable, and
the localities it frequented were easily accessible from the Russian
establishments in Kamtschatka. As soon as its existence and character,
and the abundance of fur animals in the same waters, were made known to
the occupants of those posts by the return of the survivors of Bering's
expedition, so active a chase was commenced against the amphibia of that
region, that, in the course of twenty-seven years, the sea cow,
described by Steller as extremely numerous in 1741, is believed to have
been completely extirpated, not a single individual having been seen
since the year 1768. The various tribes of seals [Footnote: The most
valuable variety of fur seal, formerly abundant in all cold latitudes,
is stated to have been completely exterminated in the Southern
hemisphere, and to be now found only on one or two small islands of the
Aleutian group. In 1867 more than 700,000 seal skins were imported into
Great Britain, and at least 600,000 seals are estimated to have been
taken in 1870.
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