The Earth as Modified by Human ActionMarsh, George P. (George Perkins)
History
The Earth as Modified by Human Action
Marsh, George P. (George Perkins)
Conservation of natural resources; Human geography; Nature -- Effect of human beings on; Physical geography
territory of the United States the success of the Angora goat is
perfect, and it would undoubtedly thrive equally well in Italy, though
it is very doubtful whether in either country the value of its fleece
would compensate the damage it would do to the woods.] The yak, or
Tartary ox, seems to thrive in France, and it is hoped that success will
attend the present efforts to introduce the South American alpaca into
Europe. [Footnote: The reproductive powers of animals, as well as of
plants, seem to be sometimes stimulated in an extraordinary way by
transfer to a foreign clime. The common warren rabbit introduced by the
early colonists into the island of Madeira multiplied to such a degree
as to threaten the extirpation of vegetation, and in Australia the same
quadruped has become so numerous as to be a very serious evil. The
colonists are obliged to employ professional rabbit-hunters, and one
planter has enclosed his grounds by four miles of solid wall, at an
expense of $6,000, to protect his crops against those ravagers.--Revue
des Eaux et Forets, 1870, p. 38.]
According to the census of the United States for 1870, [Footnote: In the
enumeration of farm stock, "sucking pigs, spring lambs, and calves," are
omitted. I believe they are included in the numbers reported by the
census of 1860. Horses and horned cattle in towns and cities were
excluded from both enumerations, the law providing for returns on these
points from rural districts only. On the whole, there is a diminution in
the number of all farm stock, except sheep, since 1860. This is ascribed
by the Report to the destruction of domestic quadrupeds during the civil
war, but this hardly explains the reduction in the number of swine from
39,000,000 in 1800 to 25,000,000 in 1870.] the total number of horses in
all the States of the American Union, was, in round numbers, 7,100,000;
of asses and mules, 1,100,000; of the ox tribe, 25,000,000; of sheep,
28,000,000; and of swine, 25,000,000. The only indigenous North American
quadruped sufficiently gregarious in habits, and sufficiently multiplied
in numbers, to form really large herds, is the bison, or, as he is
commonly called in America, the buffalo; and this animal is confined to
the prairie region of the Mississippi basin, a small part of British
America, and Northern Mexico. The engineers sent out to survey railroad
routes to the Pacific estimated the number of a single herd of bisons
seen within the last fifteen years on the great plains near the Upper
Missouri, at not less than 200,000, and yet the range occupied by this
animal is now very much smaller in area than it was when the whites
first established themselves on the prairies. [Footnote: "About five
miles from camp we ascended to the top of a high hill, and for a great
distance ahead every square mile seemed to have a herd of buffalo upon
it. Their number was variously estimated by the members of the party; by
some as high as half a million. I do not think it any exaggeration to
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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