The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
Among the many other incidents connected with this explosion, I may
specially mention the wonderful system of divergent ripples that started
in our atmosphere from the point at which the eruption took place. I
have called them ripples, from the obvious resemblance which they bear
to the circular expanding ripples produced by raindrops which fall upon
the still surface of water. But it would be more correct to say that
these objects were a series of great undulations which started from
Krakatoa and spread forth in ever-enlarging circles through our
atmosphere. The initial impetus was so tremendous that these waves
spread for hundreds and thousands of miles. They diverged, in fact,
until they put a mighty girdle round the earth, on a great circle of
which Krakatoa was the pole. The atmospheric waves, with the whole earth
now well in their grasp, advanced into the opposite hemisphere. In their
further progress they had necessarily to form gradually contracting
circles, until at last they converged to a point in Central America, at
the very opposite point of the diameter of our earth, eight thousand
miles from Krakatoa. Thus the waves completely embraced the earth. Every
part of our atmosphere had been set into a tingle by the great eruption.
In Great Britain the waves passed over our heads, the air in our
streets, the air in our houses, trembled from the volcanic impulse. The
very oxygen supplying our lungs was responding also to the supreme
convulsion which took place ten thousand miles away. It is needless to
object that this could not have taken place because we did not feel it.
Self-registering barometers have enabled these waves to be followed
unmistakably all over the globe.
Such was the energy with which these vibrations were initiated at
Krakatoa, that even when the waves thus arising had converged to the
point diametrically opposite in South America their vigour was not yet
exhausted. The waves were then, strange to say, reflected back from
their point of convergence to retrace their steps to Krakatoa. Starting
from Central America, they again described a series of enlarging
circles, until they embraced the whole earth. Then, advancing into the
opposite hemisphere, they gradually contracted until they had regained
the Straits of Sunda, from which they had set forth about thirty-six
hours previously. Here was, indeed, a unique experience. The air-waves
had twice gone from end to end of this globe of ours. Even then the
atmosphere did not subside until, after some more oscillations of
gradually fading intensity, at last they became evanescent.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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