The Earth's BeginningBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Science
The Earth's Beginning
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Krakatoa (Indonesia); Nebular hypothesis
We entreat special attention to this picture which Nature has herself
given us, and which represents what we may not unreasonably conclude to
be a system in a state of formation. Let me say at once that our solar
system, however imposing it may be from our point of view, is but of
infinitesimal importance as compared with the system which is here in
the course of development. It is sometimes urged that it is difficult to
imagine how a system so large as ours could have been produced by
condensation from a primæval nebula. The best answer is found in the
fact that the Great Spiral now before us may be considered to exhibit at
this very moment a system in actual evolution, the central body of which
is certainly thousands of times, and not improbably millions of times,
greater than the sun, and of which the attending planets or other
revolving bodies, are framed on a scale immensely transcending that of
even Jupiter himself. The details of this remarkable nebula seem to
illustrate those particular features which had been previously assigned
to the primæval nebula of our system, long before any photograph was
available for the purpose of their study.
In the Great Nebula in Orion, to which we have already referred, as well
as in many other similar objects which we might also have adduced, the
nebulous material from which after long ages new systems may be the
result, was shown in an extremely chaotic state. It was little more than
an irregular stain of light on the sky. But in the picture of the Great
Spiral which is before us (Fig. 28) it is manifest that the evolution of
the system has reached an advanced stage; such considerable progress has
been made in the actual formation that the final form seems to be
shadowed forth. The luminosity is no longer diffused in a chaotic
condition; it has formed into spirals, and become much condensed at the
centre and somewhat condensed in other regions. As we now see it, the
object seems to represent a system much more advanced in its formation
than any of the other great nebulæ with which we have compared it. In
comparison with it the evolution of such an object as the Great Nebula
in Orion can hardly be said to have begun. But in the Great Spiral many
portions of the nebula have already become outlined into masses which,
though still far from resembling the planets in the solar system, have
at least made some approach thereto while the central portions are being
drawn together, just as we may conceive the great primæval fire-mist to
have drawn together in the actual formation of the sun.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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