The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 1/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
In the façades of the west end and north transept the windows of the
different stories have been grouped so as to form distinct designs. In
the west end, over the great west doorway (see Fig. 315), there has been
an arrangement of tall windows of apparently lancet form, having on
either side an interlacing arcade of round arches, supported on tall
banded shafts. This is now, unfortunately, greatly destroyed. Above the
arcade there runs a horizontal flat cornice, enriched with several rows
of carved ornaments, and this was surmounted by a large opening of
quatrefoil shape, surrounded with numerous mouldings and enrichments.
The angle buttresses have been crowned with octagonal turrets.
[Illustration: FIG. 320.--Kelso Abbey. Section through Transept from
North to South.]
The north wall of the north transept (see Fig. 317) has a fine
transition door-piece (Fig. 318), which occupies the two lower stories.
The next two stories have two windows in each, separated by a small
buttress, the upper one of these stories having three arches in the
interior. (See Fig. 314.) Above these stories is a small circular
window, with a curious saving arch over it, and the whole is crowned
with a top story, containing three round-headed openings, and a gable
with a small circular aperture. The buttresses at the angles are crowned
with circular turrets, which have been finished with a projecting
parapet, the corbels for carrying which still survive. The upper part of
the gable shows signs of having been altered.
It may be pointed out that the west front and the façade of the north
transept are good illustrations of the Norman and Transition styles
[Illustration: FIG. 321.--Kelso Abbey. Plan at Triforium Level, showing
Passages in Walls, &c.]
of designing such elevations. The north transept shows the early manner
of dividing the façade into several stories, piled one above the other;
while the west front, which is chiefly in the transition style,
indicates the beginning of the later form of façade, in which the whole
front is treated as a single design.
The west doorway and the north door-piece are especially interesting.
The former is a remarkably rich specimen of the elaborate carved work
which characterised the late Norman period. Unfortunately, the south
half of this door-piece has perished. But, from what remains (see Fig.
315), it is evident that it consisted of a large door-piece, or
quasi-porch, projecting upwards of 5 feet, and finished with a sloping
gable, with
[Illustration: FIG. 322.--Kelso Abbey. Plan at Clerestory Level, showing
Passages in Walls, &c.]
stone roof. The jambs (see Fig. 316) contained five detached shafts set
in nooks, and having Norman bases and carved caps. Over each of these
shafts there springs a circular order, carved with rich Norman ornament,
now, however, very much decayed. The jambs of the doorway also formed
moulded shafts, supporting their order in the arch.
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