[22] Romilly Allen, pp. 82, 84. [23] _Ibid._ p. 136. [24] Skene, Vol. II. p. 88. [25] Skene, Vol. II. p. 121. [26] _Ibid._ p. 128. [27] _Ibid._ p. 137. [28] Skene, Vol. II. p. 212. [29] “Pre-Conquest Churches of England.”--_Reliquary_, 1893. [30] Skene, Vol. II. p. 227. [31] Skene, Vol. II. p. 229. [32] _Ibid._ p. 268. [33] Skene, Vol. II. p. 309.--This round tower, no doubt, owes its origin to the Irish influence referred to, but, as will be pointed out, there are architectural reasons for assigning the structure to a later period. [34] _Ibid._ p. 320. [35] _Ibid._ p. 331. [36] See _Scotland in Early Christian Times_, by Dr. Joseph Anderson, Vols. I. and II. [37] _Early Christian Times_, Vol. II. p. 95. [38] Anderson, Vol. II. Lecture IV. [39] Romilly Allen, Lecture VI. [40] Anderson, Vol. II. p. 80. [41] _Ibid._ p. 130. [42] Romilly Allen, p. 238. [43] _Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland_, Vol. III. pp. 127, 153, 206, 225; Muir’s _Ecclesiastical Notes_, p. 65. [44] Anderson, Vol. I. p. 64. [45] For Illustration see p. 64. [46] Anderson, Vol. I. p. 59. [47] Petrie, p. 291. [48] _Ibid._ p. 395. [49] _Ibid._ p. 320. [50] Reeves’ _Adamnan_, p. 410. [51] Skene, Vol. II. p. 368. [52] _Ibid._ p. 374. [53] _Celtic Scotland_, Vol. II. p. 376. [54] Innes, _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, pp. 10-12. [55] Innes, _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, p. 17. [56] “Scottish Churches and Cathedrals,” by Dr. Joseph Robertson, _Quarterly Review_, 1849, p. 117. [57] See _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. I. p. 90, and Vol. III. p. 72. [58] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. III., Introduction. [59] Muir, _Old Church Architecture of Scotland_, p. 67. [60] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. V., p. 130. [61] See Introduction, p. 8. [62] _Characteristics_, p. 141. [63] _Ibid._ p. 142. [64] For a further example of a primitive church and cells, see the Brough of Deerness, described by Sir H. Dryden in the following pages. It will be observed that the simple oblong church, with door in west end and one window in east end, is surrounded with a number of ruins of stone huts, which were no doubt the dwellings of the monastic family of the establishment; while near the land side are the remains of the cashel or fortification of the platform. [65] _Notes_, p. 35. [66] _Ibid._ p. 272. [67] _Characteristics_, p. 163. [68] _Notes_, p. 50. [69] _Notes_, p. 51. [70] _Ibid._ p. 280. [71] _Ibid._ p. 51. [72] _Ibid._ p. 52. [73] _Notes_, p. 93. [74] _Notes_, pp. 97-98. [75] _Characteristics_, p. 205. [76] _Notes_, p. 60. [77] _Notes_, p. 60. [78] _Characteristics_, p. 180. [79] The churches in Orkney and Shetland present many fine examples of chanceled buildings. These, although described in Mr. Muir’s works, are more fully treated in the descriptions and illustrations kindly supplied by Sir H. Dryden, and now printed for the first time. [80] _Notes_, p. 41.