The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 2/3MacGibbon, David
History
The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 2/3
MacGibbon, David
Church architecture -- Scotland
The details which connect the other structures of this period with the
decorated style will be more particularly referred to in the
descriptions of the buildings. A general statement of the characteristic
features and details of the style has already been given.[127]
Special attention should, however, be drawn to one feature of Scottish
architecture which became very prominent in, and characteristic of, the
later phase of its development--viz., the pointed barrel vaulting
carrying a stone roof, which covered almost all the churches of the
third period.
This we find introduced for the first time during the Scottish decorated
period at Lincluden College, a building which was erected early in the
fifteenth century, and is a very fine example of decorated work. The
roof was designed as a double one, the lower roof over the choir being
groined and vaulted in the usual manner; while above this vault there
was a pointed barrel vault, with strengthening ribs at intervals, on
which rested a roof composed of dressed overlapping stones. Beneath the
slope of the upper vault a small room was introduced between the two
vaults. At the parish church of Bothwell, also erected by the same Earl
of Douglas about the year 1400, a pointed barrel vault supporting a
stone roof is employed, but there is no inner groined vault.
These two structures are early examples of a mode of construction which
specially distinguishes the churches of the late pointed architecture of
Scotland--viz., the almost universal use of the pointed barrel vault
supporting a stone roof.
The above two edifices further illustrate another circumstance in
connection with the churches of the fifteenth and subsequent century. We
have seen that during the fourteenth century, and in the early part of
the fifteenth century, attention was chiefly directed to the restoration
and completion of the large cathedrals and abbeys begun in the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries. After the latter date large edifices of a
similar description ceased to be undertaken. The religious enthusiasm of
the people which gave birth to these splendid structures seems to have
exhausted itself, and pious efforts were now chiefly confined to the
liberality of individuals who endeavoured to raise monuments to
commemorate themselves by the erection of small collegiate and other
churches, or by founding altarages and chantries in the large edifices
already in existence.
As already mentioned, the decorated style in Scotland is of a belated
character, and is not generally so pure as that of the corresponding
period in England. It will, however, be recognised that the examples
given are sufficient to justify the division of the styles herein
proposed. It will also be observed that the examples of the decorated
style form a striking contrast, both to the preceding edifices of the
first pointed period and to the buildings of the later or third pointed
style, by which they were succeeded.
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