The principal chromite-producing countries in normal times are New Caledonia, and Rhodesia (controlled by French and British interests), and to a somewhat lesser extent Russia and Turkey (Asia Minor). Small amounts of chromite are mined in Greece, India, Japan, and other countries. The Indian deposits in particular are large and high-grade but have been handicapped by inadequate transportation. The production of chrome ore in New Caledonia, Rhodesia, Russia, and Turkey has usually amounted to more than 90 per cent of the total world's production. The ore from New Caledonia has been used by France, Germany, England, and to some extent by the United States. Rhodesian ore has been used by the United States and the principal European consumers. Latterly more Rhodesian ore has gone to Europe and more Caledonian ore to the United States. The Russian ore has been in part used in Russia and in part exported, probably going mainly to France and Germany. The Turkish ore has been exported to the United States, England, and Germany; it probably supplied most of Germany's chromite requirements during the war. During the war the United States was temporarily an important producer, as were also Canada, Brazil, Cuba, and to a minor degree Guatemala. The richest chrome ore mined at present comes from Guatemala, but the mines are relatively inaccessible. The New Caledonian, Rhodesian, Russian, Turkish, and Indian ores are also of high grade. The ores mined in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Cuba, Greece, and Japan are of lower grade. The use of domestic chromite supplies in the United States presents much the same problem as does manganese. The ore bodies are small, scattered, and of a generally law grade. War-time experience showed that they could be made to meet a large part of the United States requirements, but at high cost and at the risk of early exhaustion of reserves. California and Oregon are the principal sources, and incidental amounts have been produced in Washington, Wyoming, and some of the Atlantic states. With the resumption of competition from foreign high-grade ores at the close of the war, the domestic mining industry was practically wiped out; the consequences being financial distress, partial direct relief from Congress, and consideration of the possibilities of a protective tariff,--which in this case would have to be a large one to accomplish the desired results (see Chapters XVII and XVIII). GEOLOGIC FEATURES