_Dessiatines._ _Per cent._ Before the emancipation 53870 100 After ” ” 40537 75 ----- --- Cut off for the nobles 13333 25 It must be remembered that besides these 25 per cent., the nobles cultivated, before 1861, large portions of land on their estates by means of forced labor. [26] Uniformity and equality being the law of the distribution of land in these communities, the income of each share is controlled by everybody, which makes it easy for the statistician to estimate. Those communities of quarterly possession constitute but 8.4 per cent. of the entire population of the district of Ranenburg and 15.2 per cent. of that of Dankoff. [27] 1 _pood_ = 1 quarter, 11 pounds and 2 ounces avoirdupois. [28] Small and young cattle (sheep, swine, calves, _etc._) are also included in this total, with a computation of ten head of small cattle to one head of big cattle (ox or horse). [29] +-----------------------------+------+-------+-------+---------------+ | | | | | Average per | | Classes. |House-|Working| Cows. | household. | | |holds.|horses.| +-------+-------+ | | | | |Horses.|Big | | | | | | |cattle.| +-----------------------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | _Ranenburg._ | | | | | | |I. Former serfs |12,999| 16,140| 8,924| 1.2 | 2.6 | |II. Former State peasants-- | | | | | | | _a._ Agrarian communism | 6,237| 8,241| 5,687| 1.3 | 2.9 | | _b._ Quarterly possession| 415| 830| 514| 2 | 4 | | _c._ Mixed | 1,224| 1,781| 1,195| 1.5 | 3.1 | | +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Total |20,875| 26,992| 16,320| 1.3 | 2.6 | | | | | | | | | _Dankoff._ | | | | | | |I. Former serfs | 9,989| 13,576| 6,485| 1.4 | 2.5 | |II. Former State peasants-- | | | | | | | _a._ Agrarian communism | 3,082| 4,092| 2,189| 1.3 | 2.6 | | _b._ Quarterly possession| 1,765| 3,126| 1,406| 1.8 | 3.3 | | _c._ Mixed | 415| 648| 318| 1.6 | 2.9 | | +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Total |15,251| 21,442| 10,398| 1.4 | 2.7 | +-----------------------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+