_Live stock:_ Keeping 2 horses 45 33 Keeping 3 horses 38 16 Keeping 4 or more horses 17 7 --- --- Total 100 56 The class in question occupies the top of the village. It owes its economic independence to the fact that the majority of the households represent a co-operation of at least two adult male workers, assisted by half-workers, as well as to the favorable circumstance that the size of the farm exceeds by about one-half, relatively to the number of workers, the average in the district. The number of working horses is accordingly increased in the same ratio, three horses constituting about the average to a farm, while about one half of the households at large fall short of even the average two to a farm. Another branch of the same class is formed by those householders with whom trade and commerce are as important a source of revenue as agriculture, as shown by the balance below: DISTRICT OF KOROTOYAK. +---------------------------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ | Items. |Households, |Receipts.|Expenses.|Balance.| | |or concerns.| Rubles. | Rubles. |Rubles. | +---------------------------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ |Gross income from sale of | | | | | | produce | 1366 | 211237 | | | |Taxes | | | 48626 | | |Rent | | | 79550 | | |Wages paid | | | 16113 | | | +------------+---------+---------+--------+ | All to farming | | 211237 | 144289 | +66948 | |Gross income from trade | | | | | | and commerce | 1384 | 230527 | | | |Expenses of housekeeping | | | 171705 | | | +------------+---------+---------+--------+ | All to trade and commerce| | 230527 | 171705 | +58822 | | +------------+---------+---------+--------+ | Total | 1366 | 441864 | 315994 |+125770 | |Net profit to 1 household | | | | 9207 | +---------------------------+------------+---------+---------+--------+ The net profit drawn from trade and commerce enables these householders to enlarge their farming, with the exception of a very small minority who have devoted themselves entirely to trade, and do not turn to farming.[116] The economic level of this section is shown in the following table: