The Effects of Cross & Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable KingdomDarwin, Charles
Science
The Effects of Cross & Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Darwin, Charles
Fertilization of plants; Plants -- Variation; Pollination
The plants were turned out of the two pots without being disturbed and
planted in the open ground, in order that they might grow more
vigorously. In the following summer all the self-fertilised and some of
the quasi-crossed plants were covered by a net. Many flowers on the
latter were crossed by me with pollen from a distinct plant, and others
were left to be crossed by the bees. These quasi-crossed plants produced
rather more seed than did the original ones in the great clump when left
to the action of the bees. Many flowers on the self-fertilised plants
were artificially self-fertilised, and others were allowed to fertilise
themselves spontaneously under the net, but they yielded altogether very
few seeds. These two lots of seeds--the product of a cross between
distinct seedlings, instead of as in the last case between plants
multiplied by stolons, and the product of self-fertilised flowers--were
allowed to germinate on bare sand, and several equal pairs were planted
on opposite sides of two LARGE pots. At a very early age the crossed
plants showed some superiority over the self-fertilised, which was ever
afterwards retained. When the plants were fully grown, the two tallest
crossed and the two tallest self-fertilised plants in each pot were
measured, as shown in Table 3/28. I regret that from want of time I did
not measure all the pairs; but the tallest on each side seemed fairly to
represent the average difference between the two lots.
TABLE 3/28. Origanum vulgare.
Heights of Plants measured in inches.
Column 1: Number (Name) of Pot.
Column 2: Crossed Plants (two tallest in each pot).
Column 3: Self-fertilised Plants (two tallest in each pot).
Pot 1 : 26 : 24.
Pot 1 : 21 : 21.
Pot 2 : 17 : 12.
Pot 2 : 16 : 11 4/8.
Total : 80.0 : 68.5.
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