The Egypt of the Hebrews and HerodotosSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
History
The Egypt of the Hebrews and Herodotos
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Egypt -- History, Ancient
The pyramid of Illahûn, when seen near at hand, is indeed a very striking
object. It is the only one of the brick pyramids which challenges
comparison with the pyramids of stone, and may well have given occasion
for the story which was repeated to the Greek tourist. Its striking
character is due to the fact that the brick superstructure is raised upon
a plateau of rock, which has been cut into shape to receive it. The
excavations of Professor Petrie in 1890 revealed the name of its builder.
This was Usertesen II. of the twelfth dynasty, the king in the sixth year
of whose reign the “Asiatics” arrived with their tribute of antimony as
depicted in the tomb of Khnum-hotep at Beni-Hassan. How the guides came to
call him Sasykhis is difficult to explain. Perhaps it is the Egyptian
Sa-Sovk, “the son of Sovk” or “Sebek” the crocodile-god of the Fayyûm,
whom the Greeks termed Sûkhos. The Pharaohs of the twelfth dynasty, as
creators and benefactors of the Fayyûm, the nome of the crocodile, were
specially devoted to its worship, and in their inscriptions they speak of
the works they had undertaken for their “father Sovk.”
After Sasykhis, Herodotos continues, “there reigned a blind man named
Anysis, from the city of Anysis: while he was reigning the Ethiopians and
Sabako, king of Ethiopia, invaded Egypt with a large force, so the blind
man fled into the marshes, and the Ethiopian ruled Egypt for fifty years.”
After his departure in consequence of a dream the blind man returned from
the marshes, where he had lived in an artificial island called Elbô, which
no one could rediscover until Amyrtæos found it again. Anysis, of course,
is the name of a city, not of a man, and, in making it both, Herodotos has
committed a similar mistake to that which he has made in transforming
Pi-Bast, “the temple of Bast,” and Pi-Uaz, “the temple of Uaz,” into the
names of his goddesses Bubastis and Butô. It is, in fact, merely the Greek
form of the Hebrew Hanes, and the Hebrew Hanes is the Egyptian Hininsu,
which, according to a well-known rule of Semitic and Egyptian phonetics,
was pronounced Hinissu. We learn from the Book of Isaiah (xxx. 4) that
Hanes was playing a prominent part in Egyptian politics at the very time
when Sabako and his Ethiopians occupied the country. The ambassadors of
Hezekiah who were sent from Jerusalem to ask the help of the Egyptian
monarch against the common Assyrian enemy came not only to Zoan in the
Delta, but to Hanes as well. Zoan and Hanes must have been for the moment
the two centres of Egyptian government and the seats of the Pharaoh’s
court.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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