The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its propertiesMillikan, Robert Andrews
Philosophy
The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its properties
Millikan, Robert Andrews
Electrons
assumptions of constancy of drop-density and independence of drag of
the medium on the charge on the drop.
The values of and obtained graphically from
the -intercept and the slope in Fig. 5 are
and , being measured, for
the purposes of Fig. 5 and of this computation in centimeters of Hg at
23° C. and being measured in centimeters. The value of in
equations 15 and 16 (p. 101) corresponding to this value of is
.874.
Instead, however, of taking the result of this graphical evaluation
of , it is more accurate to reduce each of the observations on
to by means of the foregoing value of and the
equation
The results of this reduction are contained in the last column of Table X.
These results illustrate very clearly the sort of consistency
obtained in these observations. The largest departure from the mean
value found anywhere in the table amounts to 0.5 per cent and “the
probable error” of the final mean value computed in the usual way is 16
in 61,000.
Instead, however, of using this final mean value as the most reliable
evaluation of , it was thought preferable to make a considerable
number of observations at atmospheric pressure on drops small enough to
make determinable with great accuracy and yet large enough
so that the whole correction term to Stokes’s Law amounted to but a
[Pg 116]
small percentage, since in this case, even though there might be a
considerable error in the correction-term constant , such error
would influence the final value of by an inappreciable amount.
The first 23 drops of Table X represent such observations. It will be
seen that they show slightly greater consistency than do the remaining
drops in the table and that the correction-term reductions for these
drops all lie between 1.3 per cent (drop No. 1) and 5.6 per cent (drop
No. 23), so that even though were in error by as much as 3 per
cent (its error is actually not more than 1.5 per cent), would
be influenced by that fact to the extent of but 0.1 per cent. The mean
value of obtained from the first 23 drops is , a number which differs by 1 part in 3,400 from the
mean obtained from all the drops.
When correction is made for the fact that the numbers in Table X
were obtained on the basis of the assumption ,
instead of (see Section II), which was the value of
chosen in 1913 when this work was first published, the
final mean value of obtained from the first 23 drops
is . This corresponds to
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